Objective The non-stationary hydrological series and rainfall-runoff relationship in the main stream area of the Huangshui River under the background of human activities and climate change were investigated, and the contributions of climate change and human activities to runoff variation were quantitatively assessed, in order to provide a scientific basis for ecological protection, high-quality development, and optimal allocation of water resources in the river basin. Methods Based on daily hydro-meteorological data from 1970 to 2022, the trend, abrupt change, and periodic characteristics of hydro-meteorological elements were systematically analyzed using methods such as the Mann-Kendall trend test, Pettitt change-point test, and wavelet analysis. On this basis, the Simple HYDROLOG (SIMHYD) model was used to simulate daily runoff process in the river basin, and a runoff evolution attribution quantification scheme was constructed to evaluate the contributions of climate change and human activities to runoff variation in different periods. Results The annual runoff series of the Huangshui River showed distinct phased fluctuations, and the overall trend was not significant (p>0.05). The annual runoff at Xining station decreased by 11.95%, 12.41%, and 12.09% in three periods (1991—2000, 2001—2010, and 2011—2022) compared with the baseline period (1970—1990), among which the contribution rates of human activities were 32.0%, 198.4%, and 328.6%, respectively. The annual runoff at Minhe station changed by -16.99%, -9.48%, and +18.77% in the same periods, and the contribution rates of human activities were 67.13%, -136.37%, and 177.96%, respectively. Conclusion The average contribution rate of human activities to runoff variation of the Huangshui River exceeds 65%, and notably surpasses 100% after 2000, indicating that human activities have become the primary driving factor of runoff variation. Climate change has a positive effect on runoff recovery in some periods, but its overall influence is secondary to that of human activities.
文献参数: 祁文燕, 石喜, 梁小青, 等.湟水河径流演变特征及其归因分析[J].水土保持通报,2026,46(1):141-152. Citation:Qi Wenyan, Shi Xi, Liang Xiaoqing, et al. Runoff evolution characteristics and its attribution analysis of Huangshui River [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,46(1):141-152.
Mann-Kendall(M-K)趋势检验法作为经典非参数方法,不要求数据服从特定分布且对异常值稳健,适用于水文、气象等非正态分布的序列。该方法通过计算服从标准正态分布的统计量Z值来判定趋势方向(Z为正表示上升,为负表示下降),并结合p值(如p<0.05)评估趋势的统计显著性。该方法还能通过前向序列(UF k )与后向序列(UB k )在显著性水平临界线(如±1.96,对应α=0.05)范围内出现交点,有效识别时间序列中的突变点。本研究采用该方法分析时间序列的变化趋势[22,26]。Pettitt突变检验法的核心在于其能够检测时间序列中的突变,而不需要对数据的分布做出假设。这一特点使得它在水文、气象等领域得到广泛应用,特别是在处理具有复杂分布和自相关性的时间序列数据时表现出色[22]。因此,本研究采用该方法开展水文气象长时间序列的突变分析。
双累积曲线法(double mass curve)是一种在水文气象数据分析中广泛应用的技术,主要用于检验两个变量间关系一致性及其变化趋势。该方法通过在直角坐标系中绘制同一时期内两个变量累积值之间的对应关系曲线,识别其协同变化中的阶段性特征,可用于水文气象要素一致性的检验、数据插补及料校正等[9]。当双累积曲线的斜率发生明显变化时,表明变量间的统计关系发生了阶段性转折,而拐点所对应的时刻即为降水—径流关系产生显著变化的起始时间[9,27]。因此,本研究采用该方法开展降雨径流关系的突变识别。
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