Objective The water conservation function of Chengde City of Hebei Province was simulated and predicted under different scenarios, in order to provide scientific support for optimizing the territorial spatial layout, enhance the capability of composite ecosystem services, and ensure water resource security in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. Methods Based on the PLUS-InVEST coupled model, four scenarios were established-cultivated land protection, ecological protection, natural development, and urban expansion-to predict and analyze land use and water conservation function in Chengde City in 2028, 2033, and 2038. Results ① The conflicts among production-living-ecological spaces continued to influence land use changes in Chengde City. The area of forest land remained generally stable, while grassland, except under the ecological protection scenario, was widely encroached upon and showed a trend of degradation. Under the urban expansion scenario, the area of impervious surfaces increased significantly. ② Under future scenarios, the distribution pattern of water conservation function in Chengde City remained highly stable, but the total amount was sensitive to land use changes. Except for the ecological protection scenario, the water conservation amount of grassland continued to decline. Under the urban expansion scenario, the water conservation function of forest land was encroached upon, while the water conservation amount of impervious surfaces increased abnormally. Conclusion Cultivated land, forest land, and grassland are the main contributors to water conservation function in Chengde City, which faces dual pressures of grassland degradation and unregulated urban expansion. In the future, while strictly protecting forest ecosystems, it is necessary to coordinate the protection of cultivated land with grassland restoration and to strictly control the unregulated expansion of impervious surfaces.
文献参数: 吕铁冰, 苏伟, 贾梓琦, 等.基于PLUS-InVEST模型的河北省承德市水源涵养功能预测[J].水土保持通报,2026,46(1):344-354. Citation:Lyu Tiebing, Su Wei, Jia Ziqi, et al. Prediction of water conservation function in Chengde City of Hebei Province based on PLUS-InVEST model [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,46(1):344-354.
PLUS(patch-generating land use simulation)模型[19]是结合土地扩张分析策略(LEAS)及多类型随机种子的精细化土地模拟工具,适用于复杂情景下的土地利用动态预测[20-21]。其中LEAS模块可捕捉土地变化过程中非线性关系并生成概率转移矩阵。CARS模块为的传统CA模型改进得来,基于LEAS生成的概率转移矩阵动态模拟土地利用的变化。
InVEST(integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs)模型是由美国斯坦福大学自然资本项目(natural capital project)开发的一套开源工具,InVEST模型产水量模块的核心思想是Budyko水热耦合平衡及水量平衡公式[25]。其计算公式为
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