Objective The comprehensive evaluation index were calculated by the the HF-WFPPSIM (hesitant fuzzy weighted full permutation polygon synthetic indicator method) for the mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake (MRFFL) system in the Dianchi Lake basin, Yunnan Province, from 2016 to 2024. The coupling coordination relationships among subsystems and the overall system were systematically quantified by integrating an adapted coupling coordination degree (CCD) model, in order to provide scientific references for ecological conservation and restoration, land use optimization, and sustainable development policy formulation. Methods Expert opinions were represented using hesitant fuzzy sets. Drawing on the full permutation polygon synthetic indicator method (FPPSIM) surface aggregation method to reveal system functional multiplication effects, the HF-WFPPSIM method was proposed and applied to quantify the coupling coordination degree of the mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake life community in the Dianchi Lake Basin from 2016 to 2024. Results The coupling coordination degree of the life community in the basin increased from 0.482 to 0.688, achieving a transition from near-disharmony to primary coordination. This indicated effective multi-factor collaborative governance, with the “mountain-river-forest” triadic coupling demonstrating optimal performance. Conclusion The HF-WFPPSIM method is effective and reliable, accurately reflecting the nonlinear impact of interactions among ecological elements on overall system functionality. The method innovatively assigns weights to interactions among elements, capturing asymmetric coupling effects among mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, and lakes. The farmland-lake coupling represents a weak link in system coordination, necessitating enhanced synergy between these two elements in future governance efforts.
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