Objective The influence of different vegetation blankets (common anti-erosion blanket, straw vegetation blanket, coconut fiber vegetation blanket, and straw-coconut fiber mixed blanket) on the thermal characteristics of coal gangue substrate in alpine mining areas was evaluated, and the insulation protection system of frozen soil in mining areas was reconstructed, in order to provide a scientific basis for ecological restoration in alpine mining areas. Methods Using the natural peat layer and uncovered coal gangue as controls, four common vegetation blankets covering the coal gangue substrate were selected. The thermal conductivity, thermal capacity, and thermal diffusivity of different covering materials were measured through thermal property experiments, and their insulation performance was then comprehensively evaluated by combining the entropy weight TOPSIS method. Results ① Within the water content range of 0.1 to 0.3, the thermal parameters of the peat layer and coal gangue matrix exhibited different variations as the water content increased. Among them, thermal capacity was the most sensitive to changes in water content, followed by thermal conductivity, while thermal diffusivity fluctuated greatly under the influence of both factors. ② The laboratory soil column experiment showed that the thermal conductivity 〔0.61 W/(m ∙ K)〕, thermal capacity 〔1.60×10⁶ J/(m3 ∙ K)〕, and thermal diffusivity (3.90×10⁻7 m2/s) of the peat layer were all at their optimal values. Compared with uncovered coal gangue, vegetation blankets significantly improved the thermal properties, among which the straw vegetation blanket performed the best, reducing the thermal conductivity to 0.65 W/(m∙K), increasing the thermal capacity to 1.16×10⁶ J/(m3 ∙ K), and reducing the thermal diffusivity to 5.50×10⁻7 m2/s. ③ The entropy weight TOPSIS analysis showed that the straw vegetation blanket had the highest relative proximity (0.603) and was the optimal coverage solution for alpine mining areas. Conclusion The straw vegetation blanket can effectively simulate the heat insulation function of the peat layer, significantly reduces the thermal conductivity of the coal gangue substrate, and increases its thermal capacity. It can be used as the best material for reconstructing the insulation layer of frozen soil in alpine mining areas.
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