Objective The spatiotemporal evolution trends and driving mechanisms of vegetation cover in the Dongting Lake area from 2000 to 2022 were investigated, in order to identify key influencing factors and their contribution levels, and provide scientific references for regional ecological restoration and sustainable development. Methods Based on the Google Earth Engine cloud platform, the kernel normalized difference vegetation index (kNDVI) was constructed using MOD13A1 V6 data. The Theil-Sen Median trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test, Hurst index, and structural equation model (SEM) were integrated to systematically analyze the spatiotemporal variation characteristics of kNDVI in the Dongting Lake area. The coupling mechanisms among climatic factors, human activities, and topographic factors were comprehensively assessed. Results ① From 2000 to 2022, the kNDVI in the Dongting Lake area showed an overall increasing trend (0.025/10 a, p<0.001), with a spatial pattern of higher values in the eastern, southern, and western parts and lower values in the central and northern parts. ② Vegetation cover exhibited persistent improvement, with the Hurst index predicting that persistently improved areas accounted for 57.87%, persistently stable areas for 38.97%, and persistently degraded areas for only 3.61%. ③ The SEM demonstrated that the total effects of driving factors on kNDVI changes were ranked as follows: nighttime light > population density > elevation > slope > land use > soil moisture > temperature > aspect > precipitation. Conclusion Over the past 23 years, vegetation cover in the Dongting Lake area has shown overall improvement. Human activities are the primary negative driving factor of vegetation change, climatic factors play a positive promoting role, and the effects of topographic factors remain relatively limited.
文献参数: 陈创, 郭军, 陈炟, 等.基于kNDVI与结构方程模型的洞庭湖区植被覆盖时空变化及驱动机制分析[J].水土保持通报,2026,46(2):146-154. Citation:Chen Chuang, Guo Jun, Chen Da, et al. Spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanisms of vegetation cover in Dongting Lake area based on kNDVI and structural equation model [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,46(2):146-154.
利用R.3.5.0中“lavaan”软件包的sem函数,基于校准样本点,采用最大似然估计法进行结构方程建模[14]。采用比较拟合指数(comparative fit index, CFI)、拟合优度指数 (goodness of fit index, GFI)、增量拟合指数(incremental fit index, IFI)、近似均方根误差 (root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA)和标准化残差均方根 (standardized residual mean root, SRMR)5个指标评价模型最佳拟合优度。通常认为,CFI, GFI和IFI越接近1,RMSEA和SRMR越接近0,表示模型拟合较好。
根据23 a kNDVI平均值的分级统计结果,研究区非植被区(kNDVI<0.1)占总面积的11.7%,植被覆盖区占88.3%。在植被覆盖区内,低覆盖区(0.1~0.3)占比最高,为55.7%;中高覆盖区(kNDVI>0.3)占44.3%。其中,中覆盖度(0.3~0.4)占25.07%,中高覆盖度(0.4~0.5)占17.6%,而高覆盖度(kNDVI>0.5)仅占1.63%。
3.1.2 植被覆盖度的时间变化特征
为分析洞庭湖区kNDVI的时序变化特征,采用线性回归趋势检验(ordinary least squares, OLS),对2000—2022年的年均kNDVI数据进行趋势分析。分析结果表明(图4),洞庭湖区年均kNDVI值在0.448~0.533区间内波动,均值为0.499,呈显著上升趋势,增速为0.025/10 a(p<0.001)。其中,2000—2007年kNDVI值波动明显,但趋势不显著;而2013—2022年,kNDVI值呈显著上升趋势,表明区域植被生长状况的持续改善。
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