Objective The spatiotemporal patterns and driving mechanisms of the water conservation function in Mu Us sandy land were investigated in order to provide a scientific reference for evaluating the effectiveness of ecological restoration projects, dynamic allocation of water resources, and land use planning decisions. Methods Based on multi-source data for Mu Us sandy land from 2000 to 2024, including land use, soil properties, topography and saturated hydraulic conductivity, this study employed the water yield module of the InVEST model and a water conservation adjustment formula to reveal the interannual dynamics and spatial differentiation characteristics of water conservation during this period. Additionally, the geodetector was used to analyze the explanatory power of different influencing factors. Results ① The spatial distribution of water conservation in Mu Us sandy land exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity, characterized by lower values in the northwest and higher values in the southeast. ② During the study period, the water conservation depth in Mu Us sandy land showed a non-significant increasing trend at a rate of 0.685 mm/a, but with notable temporal and regional differences. ③ Results of single-factor analysis indicated that precipitation, soil properties, topography and land use type were the factors with the strongest explanatory power for the interannual variation and spatial differentiation of water conservation. The results of two-factor interaction analysis revealed that the combination of precipitation and land use type had the strongest explanatory power. Conclusion The significant improvement in the water conservation function of Mu Us sandy land is the result of the synergistic effects of multiple factors, including land use represented by ecological restoration projects and climate change. Moreover, the mechanisms by which land use and climate change influence the regional water conservation function exhibit significant differences. Future research should continuously focus on and optimize the interactions among multiple factors to further enhance the water conservation function.
文献参数: 丁旭东, 常文静, 王盈盈, 等.毛乌素沙地水源涵养功能时空分异及其驱动因素[J].水土保持通报,2026,46(3):137-148. Citation:Ding Xudong, Chang Wenjing, Wang Yingying, et al. Spatiotemporal variation and its driving factors of water conservation function in Mu Us sandy land [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,46(3):137-148.
使用InVEST模型估算研究区水源涵养功能,该模型根据水循环原理,结合年降水量、年潜在蒸散量、植物根系限制层深度、PAWC、土地利用以及水文水资源数据,计算研究区产水量。其中,气象数据主要用于驱动InVEST模型并进行产水量分析。为避免单年数据的低代表性,本研究选取5个时段2000,2005,2010,2015和2024年(分别为1998—2002年、2003—2007年、2008—2012年、2013—2017年和2018—2024年)年降水量和年潜在蒸发量的平均值输入模型。本文使用的年降水量数据和潜在蒸散发数据来源于“国家冰川冻土沙漠科学数据中心/国家特殊环境、特殊功能观测研究台站共享服务平台”(http:∥www.ncdc.ac.cn)的多源数据融合的中国高分辨多要素气象驱动产品,数据分辨率为1 km,时间序列为1998—2024年;根系限制层深度所使用的数据为Depth-to-bedrock map of China at a spatial resolution of 100 meters,分辨率为100 m;土壤属性数据来源于国家冰川冻土沙漠科学数据中心的基于世界土壤数据库(HWSD)的中国土壤数据集(v1.1),利用土壤质地计算植物可利用水(PAWC)和土壤饱和导水率;高程数据来源于中国科学院地理空间数据云(http:∥www.gscloud.cn),为SRTM 90 m分辨率栅格数据;水文水资源数据主要来源于毛乌素沙地涉及的内蒙、陕西、宁夏境内主要城市的水资源公报,用于InVEST模型中产水模块的参数率定;土地利用(LULC)数据采用Landsat解译的土地利用数据,来源于中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心。在模型运算中,由于InVEST模型输出的数据分辨率与土地利用数据的分辨率一致,因此不需对数据进行重采样。
1.3 研究方法
1.3.1 水源涵养量估算模型
InVEST水源涵养模型包括两部分,分别为产水量的计算和基于产水量的水源涵养量计算。其中,产水量的计算本研究采用InVEST-AWY(annual water yield)模块估算2000—2024年毛乌素沙地网格尺度的产水量空间分布。该模型不仅能快速、便捷地量化水源涵养功能,并以可视化的形式表达水源涵养服务的空间分异特征。InVEST-AWY模块根据水循环原理,通过降水量、植被蒸腾、地表蒸散发、根系深度、土壤厚度和植被可利用水量等估算产水量。具体计算公式为
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