Objective The future trends and driving factors of NDVI in the Dabie Mountains of western Anhui Province were investigated in order to provide a scientific foundation for the healthy development of the regional ecological environment. Methods NDVI data (2000—2023) from the Dabie Mountains of western Anhui Province were used, and Theil-Sen median trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test, stability analysis, future trend analysis, and geodetector were applied to assess NDVI responses to natural and socio-economic factors. Results ① In terms of spatiotemporal dynamics, annual NDVI averaged 0.73—0.79 (2000—2023), with an upward trend and a spatial pattern of higher values in the northwest and lower values in the southeast. Most areas were high-quality vegetation zones. ② Regarding future trends, NDVI was projected to increase overall, but extremely significant decreases were observed in parts of the south and north. The trend was generally stable yet spatially heterogeneous, with very low fluctuation being widespread, and low-to-moderate fluctuation in eastern and southern areas. ③ Hurst index indicated sustained improvement in the core forest areas of the central Dabie Mountains of western Anhui Province, while northern, southern and eastern regions exhibited anti-persistent degradation and persistent degradation. ④ The geodetector results indicated that NDVI changes resulted from interactions among multiple drivers, with the interaction between land use types and other factors being particularly significant. Conclusion Although NDVI in the Dabie Mountains of western Anhui Province shows an overall increase, degradation trends remain in some areas. Future efforts should promote regional collaboration, innovative data-sharing, and coordinated vegetation conservation to support ecological restoration and regional sustainable development.
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