Objective The core scientific issues of regional sustainable development, the coordination relationship between ecosystem quality and service functions and its underlying mechanism, were analyzed in order to break through the current limitations in the understanding of the “quality-energy” synergy relationship and driving mechanism in research, and provide a scientific basis for ecological management in the reservoir area. Methods This study focused on five key districts/counties at Chongqing section of the Three Gorges reservoir area. The InVEST model was used to evaluate water conservation, the RSEI model was used to quantify ecological environment quality, a coupling coordination degree model was introduced to diagnose their synergistic relationship, and GeoDetector was used to quantitatively analyze the driving mechanisms of natural and socioeconomic factors affecting the coordination relationship. Results ① Temporally, ecological environment quality in the study area continued to improve, whereas water conservation first decreased and then increased, with marked fluctuations. ② Spatially, the coordination level improved significantly, with a distinct geographical pattern of “higher in the periphery and lower in the center”. ③ Driving-force analysis showed that elevation and temperature were the dominant driving factors, and interactions among natural factors significantly enhanced the spatial heterogeneity of the coordination degree. Conclusion The synergy between ecological environment quality and water conservation function at Chongqing section of the Three Gorges reservoir area is significantly enhanced, with its coordination state driven by nonlinear coupling between natural factors and human activities. This study recommends implementing differentiated zoning strategies in subsequent ecological construction: strictly controlling development intensity in areas with high human disturbance, and strengthening vegetation restoration and water conservation capacity in ecologically sensitive midddle and high elevation areas, so as to promote overall ecosystem coordination and regional sustainable development.
文献参数: 黄志毅, 张守平, 冉国全, 等.三峡库区重庆段生态环境与水源涵养协同特征及其成因[J].水土保持通报,2026,46(4):385-396. Citation:Huang Zhiyi, Zhang Shouping, Ran Guoquan, et al. Synergistic characteristics and their causes of ecological environment and water conservation at Chongqing section of Three Gorges reservoir area [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,46(4):385-396.
近年来,学界对RSEI与水源涵养的研究,已形成了从“孤立解析”到“关联探索”的清晰路径。RSEI模型自提出以来,其研究范式已从基础框架的广泛验证,走向针对区域特异性的模型优化与机理解析。早期研究集中于城市、流域等典型区域[3],验证RSEI的适用性。随后RSEI研究进入精细化的发展阶段,王恒恒等[4]为适应干旱区特征,引入沙度与盐渍化指数,构建了增强型RSEI;张萍等[5]在滇西北高山峡谷区开展了长时序动态监测,深化了对生态演变过程的理解;马林等[6]则通过细分土地覆盖类型,精细揭示了人类活动影响生态质量的具体路径。与之平行的水源涵养研究领域,评估方法经历了从早期的经验估算、野外观测等发展到模型的定量评价[7],涌现出如WEP-L (water and energy transfer process)模型[8]、SWAT (soil and water assessment tool)模型[9]、InVEST (integrated valuation of ecosystem services and tradeoffs)模型、元胞自动机等[10]一批模型。其中,InVEST模型以其参数需求相对简化、运算高效,被广泛应用于全球各个区域的生态系统水源涵养功能评估中[11]。上述两个领域方法论的日趋成熟,为交叉探究其内在关联奠定了坚实基础。在此背景下,研究者开始尝试构建桥梁。如许丽婷等[12]通过RSEI与InVEST模型评估了汾河流域生态环境质量与水源涵养量的时序变化特征,并利用皮尔逊相关性揭示了二者存在显著的正相关关系;曹源[13]的研究实现了双重突破,不仅从静态角度分析了两者的空间分布相关性,还从动态视角探究了其变化趋势的关联性。但现有关联研究在认知维度上仍存在关键瓶颈,一方面是在状态诊断上,无法判定相互作用的协调状态与演进路径;另一方面是在机理解析上,难以揭示空间分异的主导驱动力与因子交互效应,对于自然要素与人类活动的相对贡献及非线性关系认知模糊。这种机理认识的不足,制约了研究结论对区域差异化生态管理政策制定的精准支撑能力。
定量评估研究区关键生态系统服务——水源涵养的时空格局,本研究采用InVEST模型中的“Annual Water Yield”模块计算水源涵养量。该模型基于Budyko水热耦合平衡理论和水量平衡原理,通过计算降水量、实际蒸散量等参数来评估产水量,尤其适用于大中尺度的长期趋势评估与空间异质性分析。计算过程基于水量平衡原理计算每个栅格的年产水量,其核心公式如下:
式中:Yx,j 为第j类土地利用方式下栅格单元x的产水量(mm); AET x, j 为第j类土地利用类型x的年实际蒸散发总量(mm); Px 为栅格x的年降水量总量(mm),计算的关键在于精准估算实际蒸散发与降水量的比值[17],近似公式如下:
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