Objective The comprehensive ecological environment state of Xizang Autonomous Region was analyzed, and its future ecological security situation was predicted, in order to provide decision-making references for Xizang to develop a highland of ecological civilization, build a national ecological security barrier, and promote ecological civilization construction. Methods A comprehensive evaluation index system for ecological security of Xizang Autonomous Region was established based on the pressure-state-response (PSR) conceptual framework. The data on socioeconomic development and environmental protection from 2012 to 2022 were used to evaluate its ecological security state. The single factor analysis method was adopted to analyze the main factors affecting the changes in ecological security, and the grey prediction system was applied to predict the future ecological security situation. Results ① From the perspective of the weight values of criterion layer indicators, the weight of ecological security pressure indicators in the study area was 0.395 7, the weight of ecological security state indicators was 0.245 2, and the weight of ecological security response indicators was 0.359 1, indicating that ecological pressure and ecological response played the most important roles in the comprehensive evaluation of the ecological security. ② Overall, the comprehensive ecological security index of Xizang Autonomous Region showed an upward trend from 2012 to 2022, increasing from 0.154 2 to 0.221 7, and the ecological security level improved from level Ⅰ to level Ⅱ. ③ In the future, the comprehensive ecological security index of Xizang will continue to rise. The predicted value of the index from 2023 to 2032 would increase from 0.216 to 0.261, showing a year-on-year increasing trend. The ecological security level would remain at level Ⅱ, and the ecological security situation will remain in a state of low-level stable development for a relatively long period. Conclusion The ecological security level of Xizang has remained at a relatively low level over the long term, and the ecosystem structure is in a low-level stable state, with ecological security still facing significant pressure and threats. The dynamic changes of the ecological security state are closely related to the share of the secondary industry in GDP, total population at the end of the year, total afforestation area, total water resources, and urbanization rate of the region.
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