Objective The windbreak effectiveness of different types of shrub and small tree shelterbelts was analyzed in order to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for updating and optimizing mixed tree-shrub models in the sixth phase of the “Three-North Shelterbelt Program” in Heilongjiang Province. Methods Four windbreak and sand-fixation shelterbelts in the sandy area of western Heilongjiang Province were selected as the research objects. Changes in wind speed were observed at four heights from the ground on the windward and leeward sides of the shelterbelts, and differences in windbreak efficiency, soil particle mechanical composition, and fractal dimension among different shelterbelts were compared. ResultsUlmus pumila shelterbelts showed the best windbreak effectiveness at heights below 100 cm and within a distance of 5 H (H denotes plant height) on the leeward side, and it caused the most pronounced changes in the wind speed profile. Syringa oblata shelterbelts showed the weakest resistance to wind speed at 5 H on the leeward side, where wind speed basically recovered to the level at 1 H on the windward side. Lespedeza bicolor shelterbelts had the highest surface roughness (2.83), significantly different from that of the other shelterbelts (p < 0.05). Silt, very fine sand, and fine sand accounted for 84.42%—92.80% of the total soil particle size. Salix saposhnikovii shelterbelts had the lowest fractal dimension (2.56), significantly different from that of the other shelterbelts (p < 0.05), whereas the fractal dimension of L. bicolor shelterbelts was generally higher than that of the others. In S. oblata and S. saposhnikovii shelterbelts, the wind speed increase rate gradually decreased with increasing height. The windbreak efficiency of S. oblata shelterbelts reached 199.59% at 10 cm, significantly different from that of the other shelterbelts (p < 0.05). L. bicolor shelterbelts showed relatively high windbreak efficiency below 50 cm. Redundancy analysis showed that windbreak efficiency and wind speed reduction at the same distance were extremely significantly positively correlated (p < 0.01). The wind speed increase rate in the middle and upper layers was significantly negatively correlated with plant height, belt width, and preservation rate (p < 0.05). Belt width and preservation rate were important variables, and plant height, belt width, and preservation rate had the greatest effects on the windbreak effectiveness of the shelterbelts. Conclusion Differences in plant growth characteristics directly affect windbreak efficiency during the spring windy season. It is recommended that in the three-north region of Heilongjiang Province, shrub shelterbelts composed of low, clump-forming and densely branched species, such as L. bicolor, should be adopted, and the number of rows should be appropriately increased to achieve the best windbreak effectiveness.
文献参数: 方玉凤, 王力刚, 季晓慧, 等.黑龙江省西部典型防风固沙林的防风效能[J].水土保持通报,2026,46(4):10-19. Citation:Fang Yufeng, Wang Ligang, Ji Xiaohui, et al. Windbreak efficiency of typical windbreak and sand-fixation shelterbelts in western Heilongjiang Province [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,46(4):10-19.
MaSu, LiuJunhui, KangYulin, et al. Spatio-temporal changes of sand-fixing function and its driving factors in the Ordos [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2022,35(11):2477-2485.
LiYingkun, LiJinrong, DongLei, et al. The wind and sand resistance effect of four vegetation types in Ulan Buhe Desert [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2022,42(6):65-73.
YanXinran, ZhangNibin, SongZhengmei, et al. Study on the benefits of windbreak and sand fixation in different configurations of mechanical sand barriers and sand control plants [J]. Protection Forest Science and Technology, 2024(4):1-6.
LiuNan, QuLuping, TangXinghao, et al. Effects of water conditions and heat wave frequency on the photosynthetic characteristics and growth rate of Schima superba seedlings [J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2023,59(3):104-114.
CongLongyu, XuLi, ZhangChunliang, et al. Windproof efficiency of tree branch sand barriers with different sizes at the dump area of coal mining in Inner Mongolian grassland [J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2024,39(2):141-147.
NiuDanni, MaRui, LiuHujun, et al. Wind tunnel test on the windproof effect of Haloxylon ammodendron forests with different planting site configurations [J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2023,45(7):76-87.
WangXianglian, ZhangYouyan, HanZhengwei, et al. Wind tunnel simulation test of wind protection effect of Haloxylon ammodendron forests with different density and configuration [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2025,45(11):5413-5425.
DengYawen, ZuRuiping, ZongYumei, et al. Wind tunnel simulations on windbreak efficiency of sand barriers made of plant fiber nets [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2025,45(1):242-248.
[17]
国务院.国务院关于印发全国主体功能区规划的通知[EB/OL].(2010-12-21).
[18]
The State Council of the People’s Republic of China. Notice of the State Council on Issuing the National Main Functional Zone Plan [EB/OL].(2010-12-21).
[19]
齐露鹭.退化黑土区土壤侵蚀强度的遥感表征及其对耕地固碳潜力的影响[D].长春:吉林大学,2024.
[20]
QiLulu. Remote sensing characterization of soil erosion intensity and its impact on the spatial pattern of cropland carbon sequestration potential in the degraded black soil region [D]. Changchun, Jilin: Jilin University, 2024.
WangShuli, HuTianran, ZhaoYusen, et al. Sand land form reason, type distribution and harness techniques of Nen River sand in Qiqihar City [J]. Forestry Science and Technology, 2004,29(5):15-17.
ZhangYuzhu, YuDongxing, BiGuangyou, et al. Evaluation on species with low water-consumption in Nenjiang River sandyland [J]. Protection Forest Science and Technology, 2014(1):4-7.
[25]
ZhengXiao, ZhuJiaojun, XingZefeng. Assessment of the effects of shelterbelts on crop yields at the regional scale in Northeast China [J]. Agricultural Systems, 2016,143:49-60.
YoshiharaY, TatsunoY, MiyasakaK, et al. Can complementarity in water use help explain diversity-productivity relationships in semi-arid grasslands [J]. Journal of Arid Environments, 2020,173:103994.
YangPeiling, LuoYuanpei, ShiYuanchun. Fractal characteristics of soil characterized by weight distribution of particle size [J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1993,38(20):1896-1899.
WuXiaoxu, ZouXueyong, WangRende, et al. Aeolian movement characteristics over different underlying surfaces in Mu Us sandy land [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2011,31(4):828-835.
LiPeng, GaoYong, ZhaoQing, et al. Windbreak effectiveness of Haloxylon ammodendron on northeast edge of Ulan Buh Desert [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2017,37(5):34-39.
ZhengXu, ZhangNibin, SunGuili, et al. Wind prevention and sand-fixation benefits of different sand-fixing plants in Gaochang District, Turpan City [J]. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2024,52(7):44-50.
[37]
ZhaoWenzhi, HuGuanglu, ZhangZhihui, et al. Shielding effect of oasis-protection systems composed of various forms of wind break on sand fixation in an arid region: A case study in the Hexi Corridor, northwest China [J]. Ecological Engineering, 2008,33(2):119-125.
WangQiangqiang, TangJinnian, YangZihui, et al.Wind-breaking and sand-fixing effect of sand-blocking shrub with different spatial distributions [J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2020,35(3):177-184.
ZhangYi, XiaoHuijie, XinZhiming, et al. Wind prevention and sand resistance of typical shrubs in Ulan Buh Desert [J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2021,19(1):87-96.
DongZhijin, ZhanXiuli, DingXiaohua. Fractal features of soil particles under different land uses in the southwestern edge of the Mu Us Sandy Land [J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2022,29(3):43-48.
SuYongzhong, ZhaoHalin.Fractal features of soil particle size distribution in the desertification process of the farmland in Horqin sandy land [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2004,24(1):71-74.
DuDandan, GaoRuizhong, JiaDebin. Analysis of fractal characteristics and spatial variability of soil particles in the Jilantai Salt Lake basin [J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2023,30(6):93-101.
FeiTuo, DongZhibao, WeigeNan, et al. Study on the characteristics of aeolian sandy soils in plantation and natural stand of Sabina vulgaris [J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2021,28(2):80-87.
WuWangyang, ZhangDengshan, TianLihui, et al. Variable characteristics of wind profile of the artificial sand dune in sandy land around the Qinghai Lake [J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2013,20(6):162-167.
ChengFengmei, LiShengyu, ZhengWei, et al.Study on wind erosion inhibition of three typical herbaceous plants on sand surface [J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022,39(5):1526-1533.
ZhaoWenzhi, BaiXuelian, LiuChan. Research on vegetation sand control around the south edge of Badain Jaran sand sea, China [J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2022,42(1):5-11.
JiangHaixin, ZhouYao, HuKe, et al. Effects of different grazing times on soil particle composition and fractal dimension in the desert steppe [J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2024,33(6):17-28.