Objective A framework integrating fractional-order differentiation (FOD), continuous wavelet transform (CWT), and spectral index construction was proposed in order to achieve high-precision monitoring of soil organic matter in saline-alkali farmland. Methods Two saline-alkali farmland plots in Jiashi County, Xinjiang, were selected as the study area. Ground-based hyperspectral reflectance data and field sampling data were used as data sources. The original hyperspectral reflectance was subjected to differential transformation with a step size of 0.25. On this basis, continuous wavelet transform was performed at six scales, and the optimal combination of differential order and wavelet decomposition scale was selected to construct a ratio index (RI), difference index (DI), and normalized difference index (NDI). Random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), support vector regression (SVR), and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) models were built to quantitatively estimate soil organic matter content. Results After FOD processing, the 0.75-order differential spectral reflectance had the highest correlation with organic matter, significantly outperforming the original spectrum and integer-order transformation. After the combined FOD_CWT processing, the 0.25-order FOD combined with 25-scale CWT showed the best performance, with a correlation coefficient of 0.726. The correlation between spectral reflectance data and organic matter increased by 0.197, effectively enhancing the relationship between the spectrum and soil organic matter. The FOD_CWT_XGBoost combination showed the best prediction performance, with a test set R² of 0.744. Conclusion The combination of fractional-order differentiation and wavelet transform can deeply extract spectral information, and the constructed model is suitable for estimating soil organic matter.
文献参数: 左超燕, 贾科利, 叶静雨, 等.联合最优FOD_CWT与光谱指数的盐碱农田土壤有机质估算[J].水土保持通报,2026,46(4):160-171. Citation:Zuo Chaoyan, Jia Keli, Ye Jingyu, et al. Estimation of soil organic matter in saline-alkali farmland using optimal FOD_CWT and spectral index [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2026,46(4):160-171.
CWT包含多种小波基函数,不同小波基函数及尺度参数的选择会对光谱分解结果产生显著影响,因此需结合数据特性合理确定小波基函数及分解尺度。根据前人研究成果,本文选用Mexican hat (Mexh)小波基函数,并对各阶分数阶微分光谱分别进行连续小波变换,在2¹~2⁶共6个尺度上提取小波特征用于后续分析[20]。
ShiMing, ShiYang, LinFei, et al. Application progress and prospect of remote sensing technology in soil organic matter inversion and mapping [J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2025,40(4):1052-1066.
WuYu, ShenGuangrong, LiuLu, et al. Hyperspectral characteristics of soil organic matter and inversion methods [J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University (Agricultural Science), 2019,37(4):37-44.
WangShifang, SongHaiyan. Study on characteristics of visible and near infrared reflectance spectra of soil organic matter [J]. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 2024,26(7):183-188.
LiuJinsheng, WangShihang, LiuDong, et al. Retrieval of soil organic matter contents in black soil region based on hyperspectral remote sensing and machine learning techniques [J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2025,56(5):1212-1221.
DingQidong, WangYijing, ZhangJunhua, et al. Estimation of soil moisture and organic matter content in saline alkali farmland by using CARS algorithm combined with covariates [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024,35(5):1321-1330.
DingSongtao, ZhangXia, ShangKun, et al. Estimating soil heavy metal from hyperspectral remote sensing images base on fractional order derivative [J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 2023,27(9):2191-2205.
MaYuman, DuanBo, XuBincan, et al. Rapeseed yield prediction based on fractional-order differentiation and UAV hyperspectral index optimization [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2025,41(10):166-175.
WangYijing, ChenRuihua, ZhangJunhua, et al. Hyperspectral inversion of soil water and salt information based on fractional order derivative technology [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023,34(5):1384-1394.
LiuJialin, WangFei, HanJianqiao, et al. Study on spectral characteristics and quantitative estimation of soil salinity based on fractional order derivative [J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2025,40(2):344-358.
ZhouLei, HeXiuqin, JiaDewei, et al. Hyperspectral retrieval of organic carbon content in farmland surface in Shanzhou District of eastern Loess Plateau based on CWT-CARS [J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2025,40(1):60-68.
WangFan, ChenLongyue, DuanDandan, et al. Estimation of total nitrogen content in fresh tea leaves based on wavelet analysis [J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2022,42(10):3235-3242.
GuoYanping, WangXuemei, ZhaoFeng, et al. Hyperspectral inversion of the RF model for soil salinity in oasis tillage layer based on optimal mathematics and wavelet transform [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2025,41(3):83-93.
LiZexin, HuangLichao, WangYong, et al. A hyperspectral estimation model for frozen black soil moisture content based on fractional-order derivatives and continuous wavelet transform [J]. Water Saving Irrigation, 2025(9):95-104.
ZhangXiaohan, MengXiangtian, TangHaitao, et al. Random forest prediction model for the soil organic matter with optimized spectral inputs [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2023,39(2):90-99.
GongMingchong, WangHong, ZhangLei, et al. Estimation of soil organic carbon content based on spectral indices and continuous wavelet transform [J]. Laser & Optoelectronics Progress, 2025,62(3):350-358.
ZhangJunhua, ShangTianhao, ChenRuihua, et al. Inversion of soil organic matter content in Yinchuan Plain using field spectral fractional-order derivatives combined with spectral optimization index [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2022,53(11):379-387.
ZhangYuqing, ZhaoQichao, LiuQiyue, et al. Inversion model of hyperspectral water quality parameters based on FOD and optimal spectral characteristics [J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2025,45(3):842-851.
AnBai Song, WangXuemei, HuangXiaoyu, et al. Hyperspectral estimation of heavy metal cadmium content in soil based on continuous wavelet transform [J]. Earth and Environment, 2023,51(2):246-253.
MaiminYumiti, WangXuemei. Hyperspectral estimation of soil organic matter content based on continuous wavelet transformation [J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2022,42(4):1278-1284.
GuLingxiao, FangTao, DuLindan, et al. Feature band selection and construction of monitoring model of wheat stripe rust based on CA/SPA-CARS algorithm [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2025,56(6):487-498.
ZhangZipeng, DingJianli, WangJingzhe, et al. Quantitative estimation of soil organic matter content using three-dimensional spectral index: A case study of the Ebinur Lake basin in Xinjiang [J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2020,40(5):1514-1522.
HuangHuayu, DingQidong, ZhangJunhua, et al. Ground-based hyperspectral inversion of salinization and alkalinization of different soil layers in farmland in Yinbei area, Ningxia, China [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024,35(11):3073-3084.
JiaoYangqing, ZhangShiwen, YanFang, et al. Spatial prediction of soil organic matter based on feature screening and random forests [J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2025,44(11):2864-2874.
LiuZunfang, LeiHaochuan, ShengHaiyan. Remote sensing inversion of soil nutrient on farmland in Huangshui River basin based on XGBoost model [J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023,46(10):1643-1653.
[51]
LinNan, ShaoXiaofan, WuHuizhi, et al. Heavy metal concentration estimation for different farmland soils based on projection pursuit and LightGBM with hyperspectral images [J]. Sensors, 2024,24(10):3251.
LiKai, ChangQingrui, ChenQian, et al. Estimation of water content in canopy leaf of winter wheat based on continuous wavelet transform coupled CARS algorithm [J]. Journal of Triticeae Crops, 2023,43(2):251-258.
PanHao, ChenShiyang, LiYisen, et al. Applicability of fractional-order differential transformation for salinization monitoring in coastal saline soils [J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2025,41(3):73-82.
WuMenghong, DouSen, LinNan, et al. Hyperspectral estimation of soil organic matter based on FOD-sCARS and machine learning algorithm [J]. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2025,45(1):204-212.
YeMiao, ZhuLin, LiuXudong, et al. Hyperspectral inversion of soil organic matter content based on continuous wavelet transform, SHAP, and XGBoost [J]. Environmental Science, 2024,45(4):2280-2291.