Objective The soil-fixing and water-holding effects of lithophytic mosses and their influencing factors in Karst rocky desertification mountain areas were investigated in order to elucidate mechanisms of restoring rocky desertified ecosystems and to provide a scientific basis for targeted microhabitat remediation in rocky desertification area. Methods Taking exposed rocks in corn croplands, abandoned grasslands, and peach orchards in typical Guizhou Karst rocky desertification areas as research objects, this study measured moss growth characteristics (thickness, coverage, dry weight, biomass, chlorophyll, etc.), soil-fixing and water-holding properties (water-holding capacity/rate, soil-fixing capacity/rate, etc.) and environmental factors (light, temperature, humidity, rock surface occurrence, etc.) in 267 sample plots to clarify correlation mechanisms. Results The peach orchard provided the best habitat for moss growth, with thickness (11.81 mm), coverage (85.82%), and biomass (5.51×10³ kg/hm²), which were 53.5%, 56.6%, and 95.0% higher than those in cropland with the same aspect, respectively. The orchard also had optimal water-holding capacity (5.42×10⁴ kg/hm²) and soil-fixing capacity (1.26×10⁴ kg/hm²). The soil-fixing rate reached 88%—92% on north-facing slopes (300°—345°) with humidity ranging from 65% to 80%. The water-holding capacity decreased sharply by 47.3% when light intensity exceeded 6 000 lx. The soil-fixing capacity increased from 1.90×10³ kg/hm² to 6.74×10³ kg/hm² when humidity exceeded 45%, and decreased by 6.70×10² kg/hm² with each 1° increase in slope angle. Conclusion Lithophytic moss soil-fixing and water-holding effects are co-regulated by land use and microhabitat. Excessive light and low humidity act as key stressors. Northward gently inclined rock surfaces in peach orchards represent optimal habitats and should be prioritized in targeted microhabitat restoration for rocky desertification.
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