Objective The hydrological regulation capacities of different forest stand types in Danxia Mountain were investigated, and the forest stand types with superior soil and water conservation functions were selected, in order to provide a scientific basis for forest management in this region. Methods The indoor immersion method was used to investigate the water-holding characteristics of litters and understory soil of five forest stand types in Danxia Mountain: Camphora parthenoxylon, Schima superba, Pinus massoniana, Quercus phillyreoides, and Neolitsea aurata. Results ① The litter reserves of the five forest stand types ranged from 13.62 t/hm2 to 42.86 t/hm2, with the highest value in S. superba forest. The maximum water-holding rate ranged from 59.76% to 87.93%, with the highest value in C. parthenoxylon forest. The maximum water-holding capacity ranged from 11.83 t/hm2 to 26.22 t/hm2, with the highest value in S. superba forest. The maximum and effective interception rates ranged from 38.21% to 65.79% and from 29.25% to 52.61%, respectively, both with the highest values in C. parthenoxylon forest. The maximum and effective interception capacities ranged from 8.71 t/hm2 to 17.04 t/hm2 and from 6.74 t/hm2 to 13.11 t/hm2, respectively, both with the highest values in S. superba forest. ② The water-holding capacity of litters across all forest stand types showed a consistent trend with immersion time, being positively correlated with immersion time and following a logarithmic function. The water-holding rate was negatively correlated with immersion time and followed a power function. At the same immersion time, the S. superba forest exhibited the highest litter water-holding capacity and water absorption rate. ③ The soil bulk densities of the different forest stand types ranged from 1.22 g/cm3 to 1.49 g/cm3, with the highest value in S. superba forest and the lowest in C. parthenoxylon forest. The soil porosity ranged from 43.89% to 53.82%, and was negatively correlated with soil bulk density. The saturated and maximum water-holding capacities ranged from 877.74 t/hm2 to 1 076.30 t/hm2 and from 591.27 t/hm2 to 849.80 t/hm2, respectively, both with the highest values in C. parthenoxylon forest. Conclusion The comprehensive evaluation shows that S. superba forest in Danxia Mountain has significant advantages in litters and soil water-holding properties, making it a forest stand type with superior soil and water conservation functions in this region.
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