扭绞节距对准各向同性股线和扭绞堆叠导体临界电流与交流损耗的影响研究

Effect of Twisting Pitches on Critical Current and AC Losses in Quasi-isotropic Strand and Twisted Stacked-tapes Conductor

摘要

由第二代高温超导REBCO带材构成的大电流超导电缆在电力传输和高场磁体应用中具有广阔前景.本文基于T-A耦合公式建立了三维有限元数值模型,系统研究了扭绞节距对准各向同性股线(Quasi-isotropic Strand,Q-IS)和扭绞堆叠导体(Twisted Stacked-tapes Conductor,TSTC)电磁特性的影响.研究首先在77K、20K和4.2K温度下,并行计算了扭绞节距在25~300mm范围内变化时对两种导体临界电流的制约规律.随后,模拟核聚变高场磁体运行环境,在20K、5T直流背景磁场下,重点分析了扭绞节距、交流磁场幅值及方向对Q-IS和TSTC交流损耗(磁滞损耗)的作用机理.通过探讨内部屏蔽电流路径畸变及横截面旋转对称性,揭示了损耗沿轴向的周期性演化特性,并对比了两种结构在载流及损耗性能上的差异.研究结果对大型高场磁体中超导股线的选取以及扭绞节距的确定具有重要指导意义.

Abstract

High-current superconducting cables fabricated from second-generation REBCO tapes hold great promise for power transmission and high-field magnet applications. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element numerical model was established based on the T-A formulation to systematically investigate the influence of twisting pitches on the electromagnetic characteristics of the Quasi-isotropic Strand (Q-IS) and the Twisted Stacked-tapes Conductor (TSTC). The critical currents of both conductors were initially calculated at temperatures of 77K, 20K, and 4.2K, specifically focusing on the constraint laws of twisting pitches ranging from 25 mm to 300 mm. Subsequently, simulating the operating environment of high-field fusion magnets, the underlying mechanisms of twisting pitch, as well as the amplitude and orientation of the AC magnetic field, on the AC loss (specifically hysteresis loss) of Q-IS and TSTC were analyzed under a 20 K, 5 T DC background magnetic field. By exploring the distortion of internal screening current paths and the rotational symmetry of the cross-sections, the periodic evolution of losses along the axial direction was revealed. Furthermore, the differences in current-carrying capacity and loss performance between the two architectures were compared. These findings provide important guidance for the selection of superconducting cables and the determination of twisting pitches in large high-field magnets.

关键词

扭绞节距 / 准各向同性股线 / 扭绞堆叠导体 / 交流损耗

Key words

Twisting pitch / Q-IS / TSTC / AC loss

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金(52377024)