高温超导输电电缆降温过程中的热-力特性研究

Study on the Thermo-Mechanical Characteristics During the Cooling Process of HTS Cables

摘要

在能源转型与电网升级背景下,高温超导电缆因低损耗、大容量等优势成为新型输电装备,但降温过程中的热–力耦合变形与应力直接影响电缆结构安全.本文以三相三轴高温超导电缆为对象,基于热–力耦合理论建立电缆轴对称解析模型,采用精细建模与简化模型对比验证方法,利用有限元法开展400m长直电缆与不同弯曲半径电缆的低温热–力特性仿真.结果表明:长直电缆从室温降至70K时轴向最大收缩1.59m,超导层最大应力约249MPa,均低于材料许用应力.本文探索了降温过程中电缆收缩规律与应力分布,提出适用于工程的简化模型+分段计算策略,可为长距离、含弯曲段超导电缆的敷设设计与安全评估提供理论依据.

Abstract

In the context of energy transition and power grid upgrading, high-temperature superconducting cables have become a new type of power transmission equipment due to their advantages of low loss and large capacity. However, the thermo-mechanical coupling deformation and stress during the cooling process directly affect the structural safety of cables. Taking the three-phase triaxial high-temperature superconducting cable as the research object, this paper establishes an axisymmetric analytical model of the cable based on the thermo-mechanical coupling theory, adopts the comparative verification method of detailed modeling and simplified modeling, and carries out low-temperature thermo-mechanical characteristic simulations of a 400 m long straight cable and cables with different bending radii by the finite element method. The results show that the maximum axial contraction of the long straight cable is 1.59 m when cooled from room temperature to 70 K, and the maximum stress of the superconducting layer is about 249 MPa, which is lower than the allowable stress of the material. This paper investigates the cable shrinkage law and stress distribution during cooling, and proposes an engineering-applicable strategy of simplified model combined with segmented calculation, which can provide a theoretical basis for the laying design and safety evaluation of long-distance superconducting cables with bending sections.

关键词

高温超导电缆 / 热-力分析 / 低温冷缩特性 / 有限元 / 应力应变

Key words

HTS power cable / Thermo-mechanical analysis / Cryogenic cold shrinkage characteristics / Finite element method / Stress and strain

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基金资助

国家电网有限公司科技项目(52094025000Y)