夏枯草乙醇提取物下调PNO1转录水平抑制大肠癌HCT116细胞增殖

方翌 ,  彭诚诚 ,  岳惠洁 ,  魏丽慧 ,  彭军 ,  沈阿灵

福建中医药 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (12) : 14 -17.

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福建中医药 ›› 2024, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (12) : 14 -17. DOI: 10.13260/j.cnki.jfjtcm.2024.12004
实验研究

夏枯草乙醇提取物下调PNO1转录水平抑制大肠癌HCT116细胞增殖

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Ethanol Extract of Spica Prunella Inhibits the Proliferation of Colorectal Cancer HCT116 Cells via Down-Regulation of PNO1 Transcription Level

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摘要

目的 研究夏枯草乙醇提取物调控核糖体组装因子(PNO1)转录水平大肠癌细胞增殖的作用机制。 方法 大肠癌HCT116细胞随机分成对照组和低、中、高剂量组,分别予以0、0.05、0.1、0.2 mg/mL的夏枯草乙醇提取物干预24 h,干预后于倒置显微镜下观察4组细胞形态、CCK8法检测细胞活力,qPCR法检测PNO1 mRNA相对表达水平。再以慢病毒包被的sh-PNO1(PNO1干扰RNA)感染HCT116细胞72 h获PNO1敲减的HCT116细胞,并随机分为sh-PNO1+0 mg/mL组、sh-PNO1+0.05 mg/mL组、sh-PNO1+0.1 mg/mL组和sh-PNO1+0.2 mg/mL组,分别予以0、0.05、0.1、0.2 mg/mL的夏枯草乙醇提取物干预24 h,;采用与sh-PNO1对照的sh-Ctrl(对照干扰RNA)感染HCT116细胞72 h获PNO1敲减对照的HCT116细胞,并随机分为sh-Ctrl+0 mg/mL组、sh-Ctrl+0.05 mg/mL组、sh-Ctrl+0.1 mg/mL组和sh-Ctrl+0.2 mg/mL组,分别予以0、0.05、0.1、0.2 mg/mL的夏枯草乙醇提取物干预24 h。干预后观察4组细胞形态、细胞活力,qPCR法检测sh-PNO1+0 mg/mL组、sh-PNO1+0.1mg/mL组、sh-Ctrl+0 mg/mL组、sh-Ctrl+0.1 mg/mL组细胞PNO1 mRNA相对表达水平。 结果 与对照组比较,低、中、高剂量组的HCT116细胞间隙增大,汇合度降低,漂浮细胞比例增多;低、中、高剂量组细胞活力水平显著降低(P<0.05);中、高剂量组的PNO1 mRNA相对表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。与sh-Ctrl+0 mg/mL组比较,sh-Ctrl+0.05 mg/mL组、sh-Ctrl+0.1 mg/mL组和sh-Ctrl+0.2 mg/mL组HCT116细胞间隙增大,汇合度降低,漂浮细胞比例增多,细胞活力水平显著降低(P<0.05),sh-Ctrl+0.1 mg/mL组PNO1 mRNA相对表达水平显著降低(P<0.05)。与sh-PNO1+0 mg/mL组比较,sh-PNO1+0.05 mg/mL组、sh-PNO1+0.1 mg/mL组和sh-PNO1+0.2 mg/mL组的细胞间隙、汇合度、漂浮细胞比例和细胞活力差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),sh-PNO1+0.1 mg/mL组的PNO1 mRNA相对表达水平均显著减少(P<0.05)。 结论 夏枯草乙醇提取物可抑制大肠癌HCT116细胞的增殖,其作用机制可能与下调PNO1的mRNA相对表达水平有关。

Abstract

Objective To explore the mechanism of ethanol extract of Spica Prunella (EESP) in regulating the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells by modulating the transcription level of ribosomal assembly factor PNO1. Methods The colorectal cancer HCT116 cells were randomly divided into control group and low, medium, and high concentration groups, which were treated with 0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/mL of EESP for 24 hours, respectively. After the intervention, cell morphology was observed under inverted microscope, cell viability was detected by CCK8 assay, and PNO1 mRNA level was detected by qPCR. HCT116 cells were infected with lentivirus-coated sh-PNO1 (PNO1 interfering RNA) for 72 hours to obtain PNO1-knockdown HCT116 cells, which were then randomly divided into sh-PNO1+0 mg/mL, sh-PNO1+0.05 mg/mL, sh-PNO1+0.1 mg/mL, and sh-PNO1+0.2 mg/mL groups, and treated with corresponding concentrations of EESP for 24 hours. Additionally, HCT116 cells were infected with sh-PNO1 control sh-Ctrl (control interfering RNA) for 72 hours to obtain PNO1-knockdown control HCT116 cells, which were then randomly divided into sh-Ctrl+0 mg/mL, sh-Ctrl+0.05 mg/mL, sh-Ctrl+0.1 mg/mL, and sh-Ctrl+0.2 mg/mL groups and treated with corresponding concentrations of EESP for 24 hours. After intervention, cell morphology and cell viability were observed in the eight groups. qPCR was used to detect the relative expression levels of PNO1 mRNA in the sh-PNO1+0 mg/mL group, sh-PNO1+0.1 mg/mL group, sh-Ctrl+0 mg/mL group, and sh-Ctrl+0.1 mg/mL group. Results Compared with the control group, the HCT116 cells in the low, medium, and high concentration groups exhibited increased intercellular gaps, decreased confluence, and an increased proportion of floating cells; the cell viability levels in these groups significantly reduced (P<0.05), and the expression levels of PNO1 mRNA significantly decreased in the medium and high concentration groups (P<0.05). Compared with the sh-Ctrl+0 mg/mL group, the sh-Ctrl+0.05 mg/mL, sh-Ctrl+0.1 mg/mL, and sh-Ctrl+0.2 mg/mL groups showed increased intercellular gaps, decreased confluence, an increased proportion of floating cells, and significantly reduced cell viability levels (P<0.05); expression level of PNO1 mRNA significantly decreased in the sh-Ctrl+0.1 mg/mL group (P<0.05). Compared with the sh-PNO1+0 mg/mL group, there were no significant differences in intercellular gaps, confluence, proportion of floating cells, or cell viability among the sh-PNO1+0.05 mg/mL, sh-PNO1+0.1 mg/mL, and sh-PNO1+0.2 mg/mL groups (P>0.05). However, the expression level of PNO1 mRNA significantly decreased in the sh-PNO1+0.1 mg/mL group (P<0.05). Conclusion EESP can inhibit the proliferation of colorectal cancer HCT116 cells, and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation the expression level of PNO1 mRNA.

Graphical abstract

关键词

大肠癌 / HCT116细胞 / 夏枯草乙醇提取物 / 细胞活力 / PNO1

Key words

colorectal cancer / HCT116 / ethanol extract of Spica Prunella / cell viability / PNO1

引用本文

引用格式 ▾
方翌,彭诚诚,岳惠洁,魏丽慧,彭军,沈阿灵. 夏枯草乙醇提取物下调PNO1转录水平抑制大肠癌HCT116细胞增殖[J]. 福建中医药, 2024, 55(12): 14-17 DOI:10.13260/j.cnki.jfjtcm.2024.12004

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前期研究表明夏枯草诱导大肠癌HT-29、HCT-8细胞的凋亡,抑制细胞生长1-4,阻滞细胞周期进而抑制肿瘤血管生成、肿瘤转移和进程5-6,逆转HCT-8/5-FU细胞对5-FU耐药性7-8。有研究表明夏枯草能调控p53途径在多种肿瘤细胞中发挥抑癌作用9-10。课题组前期研究证实核糖体组装因子(PNO1)促进大肠癌的发展,且在大肠癌HCT116细胞中敲减PNO1能激活p53表达11,故本研究通过体外实验探讨PNO1是否参与夏枯草抑制大肠癌细胞增殖的机制,以期进一步完善夏枯草抗大肠癌作用的实验依据。

1 实验材料

1.1 实验药物及细胞

夏枯草(干燥果穗)购于福建中医药大学国医堂,草本来源于中国湖南省,经福建中医药大学药学院杨成梓教授鉴定为唇形科夏枯草属植物夏枯草(Prunella vulgaris L.)2;HCT116大肠癌细胞购自中国科学院细胞库(货号:TCHu 99)。

1.2 主要试剂

McCoy′s 5A培养基(货号:KGI 1702-500)、PBS(1×,pH 7.4,货号:KGL2206-500)购自江苏凯基生物技术股份有限公司;胎牛血清(货号:A5669701)、0.25%胰蛋白酶-EDTA(货号:25200114)、TRIzol(货号:15596018CN)、SYBR Green PCR预混液(货号:4309155)、青霉素-链霉素(货号:15070063)均购自美国Thermo公司;sh-PNO1(货号:HYKY-200514013-DLV)及相应对照sh-Ctrl(货号:GL427 NC2)慢病毒购自合元生物技术(上海)股份有限公司;细胞增殖/毒性检测试剂盒(货号:KTA1020)购自武汉亚科因生物技术有限公司;PrimeScript™ RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser (Perfect Real Time)(货号:RR047A)购自宝生物工程大连有限公司。

1.3 主要仪器

TECAN SPARK多功能酶标仪(奥地利TECAN公司);Multifuge X1R冷冻离心机、MUSE智能细胞分析仪、CO2培养箱均购自美国Thermo公司;BSC-1360IIA2生物安全柜(北京东联哈尔仪器制造有限公司);DMI8倒置荧光显微镜(德国Leica公司);CFX96 touch荧光定量PCR仪(美国Bio-Rad公司)。

2 实验方法

2.1 夏枯草母液制备

夏枯草乙醇提取物干粉的制备方法参见前期研究2,将夏枯草乙醇提取物干粉溶解于PBS稀释的50%的DMSO中,获得200 mg/mL夏枯草母液。

2.2 细胞培养、分组及干预

HCT116细胞培养条件为37 ℃、5%CO2、McCoy's 5A培养基(含10%胎牛血清、0.1 mg/mL链霉素和100 U/mL青霉素)。取1×105个/mL对数生长期的HCT116细胞接板于96孔板或6孔板培养24 h后,随机分为对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,分别对应0、0.05、0.1和0.2 mg/mL的夏枯草乙醇提取物进行干预24 h。低、中、高剂量组分别以McCoy's 5A培养基稀释夏枯草母液获得,对照组以McCoy's 5A培养基稀释0.2 mg/mL夏枯草干预液等剂量的DMSO换算配制。夏枯草乙醇提取物干预PNO1敲减的HCT116细胞实验,再以慢病毒包被的sh-PNO1(PNO1干扰RNA)感染HCT116细胞72 h获PNO1敲减的HCT116细胞,并随机分为sh-PNO1+0 mg/mL组、sh-PNO1+0.05 mg/mL组、sh-PNO1+0.1 mg/mL组和sh-PNO1+0.2 mg/mL组,分别予以0、0.05、0.1、0.2 mg/mL的夏枯草乙醇提取物干预24 h;采用与sh-PNO1对照的sh-Ctrl(对照干扰RNA)感染HCT116细胞72 h获PNO1敲减对照的HCT116细胞,并随机分为sh-Ctrl+0 mg/mL组、sh-Ctrl+0.05 mg/mL组、sh-Ctrl+0.1 mg/mL组和sh-Ctrl+0.2 mg/mL组,分别予以0、0.05、0.1、0.2 mg/mL的夏枯草乙醇提取物干预24 h。

2.3 倒置显微镜下观察各组细胞形态

倒置显微镜下观察各组HCT116细胞形态改变、贴壁情况、细胞汇合度和漂浮细胞比例。

2.4 CCK8法检测各组细胞活力

去除96孔板中的培养基,PBS稀释CCK8母液10倍后,分别加入96孔板中,CO2培养箱孵育2 h,酶标仪450 nm处检测OD值。数据进行归一化处理。

2.5 qPCR法检测各组细胞PNO1 mRNA相对表达水平

收集各剂量组HCT116细胞,TRIzol法提取总RNA,按说明书进行逆转录后获得cDNA,进一步制备荧光定量PCR反应液(按说明书进行,引物由合元生物技术(上海)股份有限公司合成,具体序列见表1),CFX96 touch荧光定量PCR仪上机检测各组Ct值,采用2-ΔΔCt法计算最终结果。

2.6 统计学方法

采用SPSS 22.0软件对数据进行统计分析。计量资料符合正态分布以(x¯±s)表示,方差齐的多组间比较采用单因素方差分析,组间两两比较采用独立样本t检验;方差不齐的多组间比较采用Games-HowellP<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。

3 结 果

3.1 4组细胞形态比较

对照组细胞形态呈多角状,且贴壁牢固,细胞汇合度紧密。与对照组比较,随夏枯草干预浓度升高,低、中、高剂量组细胞间隙增大,细胞汇合度降低,漂浮细胞比例增多。见图1

3.2 4组细胞活力比较

表2

3.3 4组细胞PNO1 mRNA相对表达水平比较

表3

3.4 夏枯草乙醇提取物联合PNO1敲减后各组细胞形态比较

与sh-Ctrl+0 mg/mL组比较,sh-Ctrl+0.05 mg/mL组、sh-Ctrl+0.1 mg/mL组和sh-Ctrl+0.2 mg/mL组HCT116细胞间隙增大,汇合度降低,漂浮细胞比例增多。见图2

3.5 夏枯草乙醇提取物联合PNO1敲减后各组细胞活力比较

表4

3.6 夏枯草乙醇提取物联合PNO1敲减后各组细胞PNO1 mRNA相对表达水平比较

表5

4 讨 论

中药在发挥抗肿瘤机制中具有多靶点多通路的特点,其中具有抗肿瘤作用的中药夏枯草,可调控肿瘤发生、发展过程的多个靶点和通路,如夏枯草能抑制肿瘤的炎症反应,调控肿瘤细胞周期,调控细胞趋化性、凋亡和自噬,抑制细胞生长、增殖、迁移和侵袭而发挥抑瘤作用12-13;夏枯草提取物能通过p53介导的细胞凋亡抑制多能干细胞畸胎瘤的形成9,调控线粒体途径和激活MAPK通路抑制非小细胞肺癌细胞的凋亡14。此外,夏枯草总黄酮还能调控Akt/mTOR信号发挥抑制肝癌的作用15。本研究以HCT116细胞为体外研究模型,证实夏枯草干预能够增大HCT116细胞间隙,促进漂浮细胞比例增多,降低细胞汇合度和细胞活力,并下调PNO1 mRNA相对表达水平,提示夏枯草抑制大肠癌细胞HCT116细胞增殖的作用与其下调PNO1转录水平相关。

新近研究表明:PNO1调控核糖体新生功能并介导p53/p21途径参与大肠癌的发生、发展过程11;PNO1在膀胱癌中表达水平不仅与患者的预后负相关,且能促进膀胱癌细胞生长和减少膀胱癌细胞凋亡;PNO1能通过促进MAPK通路介导的细胞自噬,抑制Bcl-2/Bax/caspase3介导的线粒体凋亡途径,从而抑制肝癌细胞凋亡16;此外,PNO1还被证实能调控Akt/mTOR信号途径参与肝癌的转移过程17。值得注意的是以上这些PNO1调控的通路也参与了夏枯草的抗肿瘤机制914-15,提示夏枯草可能通过PNO1调控这些靶点和通路。

通过利用不同的抗肿瘤药物联合干预肿瘤细胞,寻求细胞毒性更强而剂量更少的药物组合,是肿瘤研究或临床治疗的常见模式。本研究证实了夏枯草干预能抑制大肠癌HCT116细胞体外生长并调控PNO1 mRNA相对表达水平,而夏枯草协同PNO1敲减作用,虽然能进一步抑制PNO1 mRNA相对表达水平,但对HCT116细胞形态(细胞间隙、细胞汇合度和漂浮细胞比例)的改变程度和细胞活力均未有显著的协同增强作用,提示PNO1是夏枯草抑制大肠癌细胞增殖的重要靶点。

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(82274188)

国家自然科学基金项目(81603413)

福建省卫生健康中青年领军人才研修培养项目(闽卫人函〔2023〕2841号)

福建中医药大学校管课题(X2024034)

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