基于“玄府-气液-络脉”理论探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的辨治思路
孙惠 , 陈沁 , 林翔 , 吴润华
福建中医药 ›› 2026, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (9) : 20 -23.
基于“玄府-气液-络脉”理论探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病的辨治思路
Pattern Differentiation and Treatment Strategy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea-Hypopnea Syndrome Complicated with Coronary Heart Disease Based on the "Xuanfu-Qi and Body Fluid-Collateral Vessel" Theory
总结从“玄府-气液-络脉”论治阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)合并冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CHD)的辨治思路。认为玄府开阖不利、气液宣通失常、络脉虚滞不通为OSAHS合并CHD的核心病机。痰浊上壅,郁闭肺玄府,则肺失宣降,气道不利,发为鼾眠、呼吸暂停等症;病久清气不入,浊气不出,宗气化源不足,心玄府开阖失司,血行涩滞,则见胸闷、胸痛等症。玄府怫郁日久则气机壅滞,气液失宣,致痰瘀交阻肺、心络脉;病久正虚邪恋,络脉失养与痰瘀阻络并见,终致肺、心同损,病情缠绵难愈。治疗强调开通玄府,宣通气液,补虚通络。玄府闭郁者,治以辛散透达,芳香开窍,给予麻黄、细辛、桂枝等,郁热佐黄连、黄芩辛苦合化;气液失宣者,治以理气化痰,活血利水,轻症取川芎、香附、泽兰等,痰瘀胶结给予加味涤痰汤开郁涤痰,宣通气液;络脉虚滞者,治以补虚助通,祛瘀通络,常用黄芪、党参、五味子合麦冬、玉竹益气养阴,痰瘀深伏者佐以䗪虫、水蛭等搜剔通络。临证应据气滞、痰瘀、气虚偏重灵活化裁,以复玄府开阖,畅气液输布,通肺、心络脉。
This article summarizes an approach to pattern differentiation and treatment for obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) complicated with coronary heart disease (CHD) from the perspective of the "Xuanfu-Qi and Body Fluid-Collateral Vessel" theory. It proposes that impaired opening and closing of the Xuanfu (sweat pores), disturbed circulation of qi and body fluids, and deficiency-stagnation obstructing the collateral vessels constitute the core pathogenesis of OSAHS complicated with CHD. When turbid phlegm congests upward and blocks the pulmonary Xuanfu, the lung fails to perform its functions of dispersion and descent, resulting in impaired airway patency and clinical manifestations such as snoring and apnea during sleep. As the disease progresses, clear qi fails to enter the body and turbid qi fails to be expelled, leading to an insufficient source for the generation of pectoral qi. Dysfunction in the opening and closing of the cardiac Xuanfu further impedes blood circulation, giving rise to chest tightness, chest pain, and other related clinical manifestations. Prolonged constraint of the Xuanfu causes stagnation of qi movement and impaired circulation of qi and body fluids, leading to the binding of phlegm and blood stasis that obstructs the collateral vessels of the lung and heart. Over a prolonged disease course, deficiency of healthy qi coexists with lingering pathogenic factors, and malnourishment of the collateral vessels occurs together with obstruction by phlegm and blood stasis, ultimately damaging both the lung and heart and rendering the condition persistent and refractory. Treatment should focus on unblocking the Xuanfu, promoting the circulation of qi and body fluids, tonifying deficiency, and unblocking the collateral vessels. For closure and constraint of the Xuanfu, treatment should employ pungent dispersion and penetration combined with aromatic resuscitation, using medicinals such as Ephedrae Herba (Mahuang), Asari Radix et Rhizoma (Xixin), and Cinnamomi Ramulus (Guizhi); when constrained heat is present, Coptidis Rhizoma (Huanglian) and Scutellariae Radix (Huangqin) may be added to combine pungent dispersion with bitter drainage. For impaired circulation of qi and body fluids, treatment should regulate qi, resolve phlegm, activate blood circulation, and promote water metabolism. Mild cases may be treated with Chuanxiong Rhizoma (Chuanxiong), Cyperi Rhizoma (Xiangfu), and Lycopi Herba (Zelan), whereas for the binding of phlegm and blood stasis, modified Ditan Tang (Phlegm-Cleansing Decoction) may be used to relieve constraint, resolve phlegm, and promote the unobstructed flow of qi and body fluids. For deficiency-stagnation of the collateral vessels, treatment should supplement deficiency to facilitate circulation and dispel blood stasis to unblock the collateral vessels. Astragali Radix (Huangqi), Codonopsis Radix (Dangshen), and Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus (Wuweizi) are commonly combined with Ophiopogonis Radix (Maidong) and Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (Yuzhu) to replenish qi and nourish yin; when phlegm and blood stasis are deeply lodged, Eupolyphaga (Tubiechong) and Hirudo (Shuizhi) may be added to dredge deep collaterals and unblock the vessels. In clinical practice, treatment should be adjusted flexibly according to the predominance of qi stagnation, phlegm and blood stasis, or qi deficiency, with the aim of restoring the normal opening and closing of the Xuanfu, facilitating the distribution of qi and body fluids, and unblocking the collateral vessels of the lung and heart.
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国家自然科学基金项目(82474432)
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