台阶壳体对诱导轮空化流动特性影响的数值研究

许啸雨 ,  项乐 ,  陈晖 ,  许开富 ,  林荣浩

应用力学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5) : 1016 -1026.

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应用力学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5) : 1016 -1026. DOI: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.05.004
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台阶壳体对诱导轮空化流动特性影响的数值研究

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A numerical investigation into the influence of step shells on the cavitation flow characteristics of the inducer

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摘要

液体火箭发动机的可重复使用和大范围变推力对作为心脏部件的涡轮泵做功能力提出了极高的要求,诱导轮是决定涡轮泵抗空化能力的关键部件。空化流动特性对来流条件比较敏感,通过修改诱导轮入口壳体结构特征,可能有利于诱导轮空化性能的提升。采用先进的自适应空化模型对某典型三叶片诱导轮内空化流动特性进行数值仿真研究,首先基于可视化实验结果对数值仿真方法进行充分验证,发现采用的数值方法能够较好预测诱导轮内部空化形态和空化性能。基于数值仿真对匹配不同阶梯壳体的诱导轮内部空化流动特性进行深入分析,结果表明,扩张角为30°时的阶梯壳体性能最优,阶梯扩张使得诱导轮上游间隙增大,减弱了流体激振效应,在泄漏涡空化起始处,阶梯壳体形成类似回流涡的结构,对泄漏涡空化的涡心产生引导作用,导致空化区向上游发展,同时阶梯将空化区分割开,抑制了向下游发展的空化气泡,从而减小空化区对流道的堵塞和对相邻叶片入口冲角的干扰,进而提升诱导轮的空化性能并稳定了流道内流态。

Abstract

The reusability of liquid rocket engines and the wide range of variable thrust impose a high demand on the power capacity of turbopumps as a core component. Cavitation flow characteristics are highly sensitive to the incoming flow conditions. Altering the inlet shell structure characteristics of the inductor wheel could be beneficial for enhancing the cavitation performance of the inductor wheel. An advanced adaptive cavitation model is employed to simulate the cavitation flow characteristics of a typical three-blade inducer. First,the numerical simulation method is fully validated based on the visual test results. It is found that the adopted numerical method can predict the cavitation morphology and cavitation performance of the inducer. Based on the numerical simulation,the cavitation flow characteristics of inducers with different stepped shells are analyzed in depth. The results indicate that the performance of the stepped shell is optimal when the expansion angle is 30°. The stepped expansion enlarges the upstream clearance of the inducer and weakens the fluid-excited effect. The cavitation zone develops upstream by guiding the vortex center of leakage vortex cavitation. Meanwhile,the ladder splits the cavitation zone and inhibits the development of cavitation bubbles downstream,thereby reducing the blockage of the cavitation zone on the flow channel and the interference on the angle of attack at the entrance of the adjacent blade,thereby improving the cavitation performance of the inductor wheel and stabilizing the flow state in the flow channel.

关键词

高速诱导轮 / 叶顶间隙泄漏涡空化 / 空化不稳定 / 阶梯壳体 / 空化模型

Key words

high-speed inducer / tip clearance leakage vortex cavitation / cavitation instability / step-shaped shell / cavitation model

引用本文

引用格式 ▾
许啸雨,项乐,陈晖,许开富,林荣浩. 台阶壳体对诱导轮空化流动特性影响的数值研究[J]. 应用力学学报, 2025, 42(5): 1016-1026 DOI:10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.05.004

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(613321)

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