可渗透壁面层流翼型纯音噪声特征数值研究

Numerical study on tone noise characteristics of permeable wall laminar flow airfoil

摘要

基于 LBM-LES 方法，对雷诺数为 2 × 10⁵、迎角为 2°下能够产生纯音噪声的可渗透壁面 NACA0012 翼型的声场进行了直接计算。分析了各可渗透壁面参数下层流翼型的声学特性，及可渗透壁面参数对翼型后缘旋涡空间演化过程的影响。研究表明：可渗透壁面能够影响边界层旋涡的发展，随着可渗透壁面尺寸的减小，旋涡的频率逐渐降低且涡的发展呈周期性变化；纯音噪声的主频频率随着可渗透壁面尺寸的减少在不断降低，可渗透壁面尺寸小于翼型弦长的 6% 时，渗透率对主纯音噪声的影响较小，但会进一步增加主纯音噪声的幅值，对声音的指向性几乎没有影响；可渗透壁面翼型渗透率 K = 1.789 4 × 10^-10 m²、可渗透壁面尺寸为翼型弦长 10% 时，能够有效抑制主纯音噪声，可以降低远场噪声总声压级幅值以达到降噪的效果。

Abstract

Based on the LBM-LES method，the sound field of the permeable wall NACA0012 airfoil，which can produce pure tone noise at Reynolds number 2 × 10⁵ and angle of attack 2°，was directly calculated；the acoustic characteristics of laminar flow airfoil with different permeable wall parameters were analyzed；and the influence of the permeable wall parameters on the spatial evolution of the trailing edge of the airfoil was analyzed. The results show that the permeable wall can affect the development of boundary layer vortices. With the decrease of permeable wall size，the frequency of vortices decreases gradually and the development of vortices changes periodically. When the permeable wall size is less than 6% of the chord length of the airfoil，the permeability has little effect on the main frequency of tone noise，but it will further increase the amplitude of the main frequency of tone noise，and has little effect on the directivity of sound. When the permeable wall airfoil permeability K = 1.789 4 × 10^-10 m² and the permeable wall size is 10% of the chord length of the airfoil，the main frequency of tone noise can be effectively suppressed，and the total sound pressure level amplitude of the far field noise can be reduced to achieve the effect of noise reduction.

关键词

可渗透壁面 / 纯音噪声 / 层流翼型 / 声学特征 / 直接计算

Key words

permeable wall / tone noise / laminar flow airfoil / acoustic characteristics / direct calculation

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(11962018)

航空科学基金资助项目(2022Z006056002)