斜载作用下锥形螺纹管的吸能特性研究

Research on energy absorption characteristics of spiral tapered tube under oblique loading

摘要

薄壁结构因其质量轻、制造成本低、吸能效率高等优点在交通运输等领域得到广泛应用。为了改善传统直管和波纹管的吸能性能，提出了一种带有螺旋波纹状图案的锥形薄壁管，即锥形螺纹管，采用有限元方法对斜向载荷作用下锥形螺纹管的压溃行为和吸能特性进行了研究，分析了不同几何参数及加载角度对初始峰值力、平均压溃力、能量吸收和比吸能等性能指标的影响，发现斜载作用会限制结构的吸能性能，而锥形管够像承受轴向载荷一般，同样有效地承受斜向载荷；螺纹的引入使锥形管的初始峰值力显著降低，相对于直锥形管最大降低达78%；压溃力效率最大提高50%，明显降低了载荷波动性；但是比吸能有所降低。研究结果为相关吸能结构的设计提供理论指导。

Abstract

Thin-walled structures are widely used in transportation and other fields because of their advantages of light weight，low manufacturing cost and high energy absorption efficiency. In order to improve the energy absorption performance of traditional straight tube and corrugated tube，a kind of tapered tube with spiral corrugated pattern，named the spiral tapered tube，was proposed. The crushing behavior and energy absorption characteristics of spiral tapered tube under oblique load were studied by finite element method. The influences of different geometric parameters and loading angles on the initial peak force，mean crushing force，energy absorption and specific energy absorption were analyzed. It is found that the oblique load can limit the energy absorption performance of the structure，but the tapered tube can withstand the oblique load as effectively as the axial load. With the introduction of spiral corrugation，the initial peak force of the tapered tube can be significantly reduced by up to 78% compared with that of the tapered tube. The crushing force efficiency is increased by up to 50%，which significantly reduces fluctuation of load. But the specific energy absorption is a little bit lower. The results provide theoretical guidance for design of energy absorbing structure.

关键词

薄壁结构 / 斜向加载 / 能量吸收 / 锥形螺纹管

Key words

thin-walled structure / oblique load / energy absorption / spiral tapered tube

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(11732007)