填充梯度泡沫铝锥形吸能盒轴向压缩行为与设计

吴熙蔚 ,  张建勋

应用力学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5) : 1086 -1097.

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应用力学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5) : 1086 -1097. DOI: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.05.011
固体力学

填充梯度泡沫铝锥形吸能盒轴向压缩行为与设计

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Quasi-static axial compressive behavior and design of conical energy-absorbing box filled with gradient foam aluminum

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摘要

为了满足结构轻量化和吸能需求,设计和研究优异的吸能盒结构,采用ABAQUS有限元软件对填充梯度泡沫铝锥形吸能盒准静态轴向压缩行为进行了仿真模拟和轻量化设计。通过与文献实验对比,验证了有限元计算模型的有效性。接着研究了正方形截面吸能盒锥形底角、诱导槽数目、诱导槽的高度和深度以及梯度材料参数等因素对填充梯度泡沫铝锥形吸能盒结构轴向压缩下吸能特性的影响。之后以同等质量结构较低峰值载荷及优异能量吸收为优化目标,对填充梯度泡沫铝锥形吸能盒结构进行了优化设计。结果表明:这些因素对提高吸能盒吸能特性有较好的效果,优化后的填充梯度泡沫铝锥形吸能盒结构最大峰值力降低了20%、比吸能提高了3.6%,并且其碰撞力-位移曲线更加平缓,更有利于吸能盒能量吸收。

Abstract

In order to meet the requirements of lightweight structure and energy-absorbing box,and to design and study the performance of excellent energy-absorbing box structure,we adopt Abaqus finite element software to simulate the quasi-static axial compression behavior and lightweight design of gradient aluminum foam conical energy-absorbing box. First,the validity of the finite element model was verified by comparing with the literature experiment. Then,the effects of the conical bottom angle,the number of induction slots,the height and depth of induction slots,and the gradient material parameters on the energy absorption characteristics of the gradient aluminum foam conical energy-absorbing box were studied. Then,with the same mass structure of low peak load and excellent energy absorption as the optimization objectives,the gradient aluminum foam packed conical energy-absorbing box structure was optimized. The results show that these factors have a good effect on improving the energy absorption characteristics of the energy-absorbing box. The conical bottom angle of the energy absorbing box can greatly increase the specific energy absorption of the energy absorbing box structure while reducing the initial peak force,and reduce the crushing force in the collision process to a certain extent. The existence of the induction groove makes the deformation process approach to the idealized symmetric deformation. While guiding the deformation process,it also reduces the initial peak force,the height and depth of the induction groove have a greater role in reducing the peak force and increasing the specific energy absorption. The density gradient of foam aluminum and the number of divided layers have obvious effects on reducing the impact force,and have certain effects on guiding lightweight and improving specific energy absorption. Compared with the constant section energy absorbing box,the optimized structure of gradient aluminum foam cone energy absorbing box reduces the maximum peak force by 20% and increases the specific energy absorption by 3.6%. It is found that the collision force-displacement curve is milder,which is more conducive to the energy absorption of the energy-absorbing box.

关键词

锥形吸能盒结构 / 梯度泡沫铝 / 准静态压缩 / 有限元仿真 / 轻量化设计

Key words

conical energy-absorbing box structure / gradient foam aluminum / quasi static compression / finite element simulation / lightweight design

引用本文

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吴熙蔚,张建勋. 填充梯度泡沫铝锥形吸能盒轴向压缩行为与设计[J]. 应用力学学报, 2025, 42(5): 1086-1097 DOI:10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2025.05.011

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(12272290)

国家自然科学基金资助项目(11872291)

汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(KFY2202)

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