Pro-kin 平衡系统联合等速闭链训练对男子篮球运动员前交叉韧带重建术后功能恢复及膝关节生物力学的影响

The effect of Pro-kin balance system combined with isokinetic closed-chain training on functional recovery and knee biomechanics of male basketball players after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

摘要

目的 探讨 Pro-kin 平衡系统联合等速闭链训练在男子篮球运动员前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament，ACL）重建术后的应用效果及对功能恢复、膝关节生物力学的影响。 方法 选取接受 ACL 重建术治疗的 588 例男子篮球运动员按随机数字表法分为 Pro-kin 组（196 例，采取 Pro-kin 平衡系统训练）、闭链组（196 例，采取等速闭链训练）、联合组（196 例采取 Pro-kin 平衡系统联合等速闭链训练），比较 3 组干预前及干预 12 周后步态时空参数、下肢肌力[伸肌峰力矩（extensor peak torque，T_ext）和屈肌峰力矩（flexor peak torque，T_flex）、膝关节屈/伸肌群峰力矩比值（hamstrings-to-quadriceps peak torque ratio，R_H/Q）]、站立位平衡稳定性[双侧多轴平均轨迹差差值（bilateral multi-axis average trajectory error difference，ATED）]、关节活动度及膝关节功能[膝关节评估表（international knee documentation committee，IKDC）、美国特种外科医院膝关节评分（hospital for special surgery，HSS）]变化。 结果 干预 12 周后联合组步幅、步速、步长＞Pro-kin 组＞闭链组（P＜0.05）；干预 12 周后联合组 T_ext、T_flex、R_H/Q＞闭链组＞Pro-kin 组（P＜0.05）；干预 12 周后联合组 ATED＜Pro-kin 组＜闭链组（P＜0.05）；干预 12 周后联合组关节活动度＞闭链组、Pro-kin 组（P＜0.05）；干预 12 周后联合组 HSS、IKDC 评分＞闭链组、Pro-kin 组（P＜0.05）。 结论 相比单一 Pro-kin 平衡系统、等速闭链训练，联合训练模式可显著提升篮球运动员 ACL 重建术后膝关节功能及关节活动度，改善膝关节生物力学，纠正异常步态及平衡稳定性表现。

Abstract

Objective To explore the application effect of Pro-kin balance system combined with isokinetic closed-chain training on the functional recovery and knee biomechanics of male basketball players after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction surgery. Methods A total of 588 male basketball players who underwent ACL reconstruction surgery were randomly divided into Pro-kin group (196 cases, using the Pro-kin balance system training), closed-chain group (196 cases, using isokinetic closed-chain training), and combined group (196 cases, using the Pro-kin balance system combined with isokinetic closed-chain training) according to a random number table method. The changes in gait space-time parameters, lower limb muscle strength [extensor peak torque (T_ext) and flexor peak torque (T_flex), hamstrings-to-quadriceps peak torque ratio (R_H/Q)], standing balance stability [bilateral multi-axis average trajectory error difference (ATED)], joint mobility, and knee joint function [international knee documentation committee (IKDC), hospital for special surgery (HSS)] were compared before and 12 weeks after the intervention among the three groups. Results After 12 weeks of intervention, the stride, pace, and step length of the combined group were >Pro-kin group >closed-chain group (P<0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, the T_ext, T_flex, and R_H/Q values in the combined group were >closed-loop group >Pro-kin group (P<0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, ATED in combined group was >Pro-kin group >closed-loop group (P<0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, the joint mobility of the combined group was >closed-chain group >Pro-kin group (P<0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, the HSS and IKDC scores in the combined group were >closed-loop group >Pro-kin group (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with single Pro-kin balance system and isokinetic closed-chain training, the combined training model can significantly improve the knee function and joint mobility of basketball players after ACL reconstruction, improve knee biomechanics, correct abnormal gait and balance stability performance.

关键词

等速闭链训练 / Pro-kin 平衡系统 / 篮球运动员 / 前交叉韧带 / 前交叉韧带重建术

Key words

isokinetic closed-chain training / Pro-kin balance system / basketball player / anterior cruciate ligament / anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

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基金资助

教育部人文社会科学研究项目(22YJC890018)

河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2022BY009)