基于灰色田口法的飞行器减阻降热研究与优化设计

Investigation and optimization design of resistance and heat reduction of aircraft based on Taguchi-gray correlation method

摘要

高超声速飞行器在飞行过程中，面临着极高的气动阻力和加热作用，对飞行安全和稳定造成威胁。采用灰色田口法开展构型参数对高超声速飞行器减阻降热性能影响的研究，以减阻杆长径比、气道直径比、气动盘直径比、侧喷角为尺寸因子，飞行阻力、钝体峰值压力系数、斯坦顿数为响应目标进行正交试验，通过计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics，CFD）数值计算获得响应结果。研究表明：飞行阻力受减阻杆长径比的影响最显著，受侧喷角的影响最小。对于钝体峰值压力系数和斯坦顿数，尺寸因子表现出相同的影响等级，两者受到气动盘直径比的影响最显著，其次是减阻杆长径比。增加减阻杆长径比和气动盘直径比均能提升飞行器的减阻降热综合性能，但提升效果随着尺寸的增大逐渐减弱。相比于正交设计的最优构型，采用灰色关联法优化出的最佳构型综合性能提升了4.6%。

Abstract

Hypersonic aircraft face extremely high aerodynamic resistance and heating during flight, posing a threat to flight safety and stability. Taguchi-gray correlation method is utilized to study the impact of size on the resistance and heat reduction performance of hypersonic aircraft. An orthogonal test is conducted, wherein design factors such as spike length-diameter ratio, airway diameter ratio, pneumatic disk diameter ratio, and lateral jet angle are considered. The response targets comprise total flight resistance, peak pressure coefficient, and Stanton number. Test results are obtained through numerical simulation. The findings indicate that the flight resistance is most significantly affected by the length-diameter ratio of the spike, while the lateral jet angle has the least effect. In regard to the peak pressure coefficient and Stanton number, the size factors exhibit a similar rank of influence. Among these factors, the length-diameter ratio of the pneumatic disk exerts the most significant impact. Increasing the length-diameter ratio of the spike and the diameter ratio of the pneumatic disk can effectively improve overall resistance and heat reduction performance. However, it should be noted that as the size increases, the lifting efficiency gradually diminishes. In comparison to the optimal group of orthogonal design, the optimized configuration demonstrates an overall performance improvement of 4.6%, thus indicating a favorable optimization effect.

关键词

数值模拟 / 田口方法 / 灰色关联 / 高超声速飞行器 / 减阻降热

Key words

numerical simulation / Taguchi method / gray correlation / hypersonic aircraft / reduce drag and heat

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52279089)

湖北省中央引导地方科技发展专项(2024CSA086)