基于磁流变技术的三线圈抗蛇行减振器设计与性能研究

Design and performance research of a three-coil anti-yaw damper based on magnetorheological technology

摘要

现有高速列车所用的抗蛇行减振器为被动式的油压减振器，其阻尼特性无法根据车辆服役状态和运行环境的变化而调整，使车辆的平顺性和稳定性无法适应车况和环境的变化。基于磁流变技术的半主动式减振器结合智能控制技术可以解决这一难题。本研究根据高速列车抗蛇行减振器的技术要求和磁路要求设计了一种三线圈的磁流变阻尼器。首先建立了磁力耦合仿真模型，然后对阻尼器内部的磁场分布、流场状态以及压力分布进行仿真，并测试了不同电流、振幅和频率以及线圈通电方式下的阻尼性能。结果表明，该阻尼器的磁路设计合理，符合抗蛇行减振器的技术要求，其最大出力可达到46 kN，可调动态系数为28。此外，针对线圈间存在的磁耦合现象进行探讨，发现0.69倍线圈宽度的间距是该阻尼器的临界距离，远离这个距离会导致有效阻尼通道处磁场分布不均匀，这种磁场的改变会随着磁回路中某个部分达到磁饱和而停止。

Abstract

The anti-yaw vibration devices currently used in high-speed trains are hydraulic dampers，whose damping characteristics cannot be adjusted according to the changes in the vehicle's operating state and environmental conditions，resulting in poor ride quality and stability for the vehicle.A semi-active damper based on magnetorheological technology combined with intelligent control technology can solve this problem.In this paper，a three-coil magnetorheological damper has been developed with adjustable damping characteristics based on the technical specifications of the anti-yaw damper.The multi-physical field of the damper is simulated，and damping performance of the damper is tested under different excitation currents，amplitudes，frequencies，and coil combinations.The results show that the magnetic circuit design of the damper is reasonable and complies with the technical requirements for anti-yaw dampers，with a maximum output force of 46 kN and an adjustable dynamic coefficient of 28.In addition，an analysis is conducted on the magnetic field distribution at varying coil spacings.The findings indicate that a critical distance exists between the coils，and the critical distance of this damper is 0.69 times the width of the coil，beyond which the magnetic field distribution becomes non-uniform.The change in magnetic flux density at the effective damping channel will stop when a certain part of the magnetic circuit reaches saturation.

关键词

磁流变阻尼器 / 高速列车 / 抗蛇行减振器 / 线圈间距

Key words

magnetorheological damper （MRD） / high-speed train / anti-yaw damper / coil spacing

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基金资助

中国科学院稳定支持基础研究领域青年团队计划资助项目(YSBR-045)