扁平足业余跑步爱好者不同运动表面跑步的足底压力特征分析

Analysis of plantar pressure characteristics of flat-footed amateur runners running on different sports surfaces

摘要

目的 探究扁平足业余跑步爱好者在不同运动表面跑步时的足底压力特征。 方法 选取15名经足印法和Novel emed^Ⓡ 3D足底扫描仪确诊的扁平足业余跑者（足弓指数≥0.6）及15名正常足对照者，使用Pedar-X 1.0足底压力测试系统，在受试者以自配速（4～6 m/s）于3种运动表面完成多次直线跑步测试时，同步采集最大足底压力、接触面积、峰值压强、压力-时间积分及总力冲量，通过重复测量方差分析比较组间差异。 结果 扁平足组的足跟区（M3）和足中区（M2）压力显著高于正常足（P＜0.05），前外侧区（T3）压力显著低于正常足（P＜0.05）。扁平足全足底接触面积均大于正常足（P＜0.05），足中区（M2）差异最显著（P＜0.01），弹性表面差异略缩小但仍显著。前足区（T1～T3）正常足显著高于扁平足（P＜0.05），塑胶跑道足中区（M2）扁平足压强反超正常足近4倍（P＜0.01）。扁平足足中区（M2）的压力-时间积分与总力冲量均显著高于正常足（P＜0.01），前外侧区（T3）则显著低于正常足（P＜0.05）。 结论 扁平足跑步时足底压力呈现“足中区过载、前外侧发力不足”的特征，硬地面加剧瞬时冲击，弹性表面放大负荷累积。建议扁平足跑者优先选择中等弹性表面，搭配足弓支撑装备以降低损伤风险。

Abstract

Objective To explore the plantar pressure characteristics of flat-footed amateur runners when running on different sports surfaces. Methods We selected 15 individuals using the foot print method and Novel emed^Ⓡ Amateur runners with flat feet diagnosed by 3D foot scanning (arch index≥0.6) and 15 normal foot controls. Using the Pedar-X 1.0 plantar pressure testing system, the maximum plantar pressure, contact area, peak pressure, pressure time integral, and total force impulse were synchronously collected while the subjects completed multiple straight-line running tests on three surfaces at a self-paced speed (4-6 m/s). The differences between the groups were compared through repeated measurement variance analysis. Results The pressure in the heel area (M3) and midfoot area (M2) of the flat-foot group was significantly higher than that of normal feet (P＜0.05), and the pressure in the anterior lateral area (T3) was significantly lower than that of normal feet (P＜0.05). The contact area of the entire sole of flat feet was larger than that of normal feet (P＜0.05), with the most significant difference in the midfoot area (M2) (P＜0.01). The difference in elastic surface was slightly reduced but still significant. The normal foot in the forefoot area (T1-T3) was significantly higher than that in the flat foot area (P＜0.05), and the pressure on the flat foot in the middle area (M2) of the plastic track was nearly 4 times higher than that of the normal foot (P＜0.01). The pressure time integral and total impulse of flat foot M2 were significantly higher than those of normal foot (P＜0.01), while the anterior lateral area (T3) was significantly lower than that of normal foot (P＜0.05). Conclusion When running with flat feet, the plantar pressure shows the characteristics of “overload in the midfoot area and insufficient force on the anterior lateral side”. The hard ground intensifies the instantaneous impact, and the elastic surface amplifies the accumulated load. It is suggested that flat-footed runners prioritize choosing a moderately elastic surface and pairing it with arch support equipment to reduce the risk of injury.

关键词

扁平足 / 业余 / 跑步 / 运动表面 / 足底压力

Key words

flat foot / amateur / running / moving surface / plantar pressure

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基金资助

教育部产学合作协同育人项目(230730045207206)

重庆市体育科研一般项目(B202122)