航空发动机结构健康状态监测与评估研究进展

张帅

应用力学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1) : 14 -37.

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应用力学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (1) : 14 -37. DOI: 10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2026.01.002
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航空发动机结构健康状态监测与评估研究进展

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Research progress in aero-engine structural health monitoring and evaluation technologies

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摘要

随着我国航空装备技术及产业的迅速发展,航空发动机的健康状态监测、故障诊断、趋势预测与状态评估等技术对于保障发动机高性能、高稳定性、高可靠性工作至关重要。航空发动机结构健康监测能够在飞行试验和服役全过程中对发动机结构状态进行监测与评估,通过开展科学的故障诊断与隔离、结构健康趋势预测与状态评估,进而实现对发动机结构的视情维护,提升发动机可靠性、维护性与故障可控性,以及应对紧急状况的能力,同时降低发动机费效比。围绕航空发动机结构健康监测与评估技术,系统分析了发动机健康状态监测对于推进系统与飞行器健康、稳定、安全运行的必要性,对于提高装备执行任务完成率、降低全寿命周期的费效比的必要性;详细阐述了国内外发动机健康状态监测的研究现状,梳理了应用于航空发动机结构健康状态监测与评估研究的先进传感技术、监测系统与方法、典型故障特征提取方法与健康状态评估方法等的研究进展,并对航空发动机结构健康监测与评估技术的发展趋势进行了展望。

Abstract

With the rapid advancement of aviation technology and industrial capabilities,the monitoring,diagnosis,prediction,and assessment of aero-engine health status have become increasingly critical. These capabilities are essential in ensuring high performance,operational stability,and reliability throughout the engine lifecycle. Aero-engine structural health monitoring(SHM)enables continuous observation and evaluation of the engine's structural condition during flight tests and throughout its service. By applying scientific methods in fault diagnosis and isolation,predicting structural health trends,and assessing real-time conditions,condition-based maintenance of engine structures can be achieved. This approach enhances the engine's reliability,maintainability,and fault tolerance,while also improving its ability to respond to unexpected events and reducing life-cycle costs. As a result,aero-engine SHM and assessment technologies have attracted significant attention. This paper focuses on SHM and evaluation technologies for aero-engines. It systematically analyzes the necessity of engine health monitoring in ensuring the healthy,stable,and safe operation of both the propulsion system and the aircraft,as well as its role in improving mission completion rates and reducing life-cycle cost ratios. The research status of engine health monitoring at home and abroad is elaborated in detail. Furthermore,the paper reviews recent progress in advanced sensing technologies,monitoring systems and methods,techniques for typical fault feature extraction,and health assessment methodologies applied in aero-engine SHM. Finally,future development trends in aero-engine SHM and assessment are discussed.

关键词

航空发动机 / 结构健康 / 状态监测 / 先进传感 / 故障诊断 / 特征提取 / 健康基线 / 状态评估

Key words

aero-engine / structure health / status monitoring / advanced sensing / fault diagnosis / feature extraction / health baseline / status assessment

引用本文

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张帅. 航空发动机结构健康状态监测与评估研究进展[J]. 应用力学学报, 2026, 43(1): 14-37 DOI:10.11776/j.issn.1000-4939.2026.01.002

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基础加强计划基金资助项目(2022-JCJQ-ZD-195-02)

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