绿植对高层建筑风荷载特性影响研究

Study on the effects of vegetation on wind load characteristics of high-rise buindings

摘要

第四代高层建筑外墙绿植一定程度改变了建筑原有外形，结构与绿植在强风作用下的干扰机理更加复杂，而目前第四代高层建筑结构抗风研究还处于起步阶段，现有高层结构抗风规范在第四代高层建筑的适用性如何还尚无定论。以长沙市同有大厦为研究背景，通过刚性测压模型，分析了0%、6.8%、13.5%和20.3%这4种绿化率下建筑外立面风压系数和体型系数，揭示了绿植对建筑外立面风荷载特性的影响规律。结果表明:建筑侧面和背风面脉动风压相干性较低，绿植减小了迎风面脉动风压相干性；绿植可以有效降低侧面和背风面极小值风压系数，对建筑外立面局部强风有较大抑制作用；规范中迎风面体型系数偏保守，侧面和背风面体型系数偏不安全；建筑迎风面与来流呈45°～60°夹角时绿植对迎风面体型系数降低量最大，最大值为70%。

Abstract

The vegetation plants on the fourth-generation high-rise buildings facade has significantly altered the original aerodynamic appearance of buildings. The interaction between the structure and vegetation under strong wind conditions becomes more complex. Currently， research on wind resistance in fourth-generation high-rise buildings is still in its infancy， and there is no conclusive evidence regarding the applicability of existing wind resistance specifications for these buildings. This study focuses on the Tongyou Building in Changsha as a research background and utilizes a rigid pressure measurement model to analyze the wind pressure coefficients and body shape coefficients of the buildings facade under four different greening rates: 0%， 6.8%， 13.5%， and 20.3%， the study reveals the influence of vegetation on the wind load characteristics of the buildings facade. The results indicate that the coherence of fluctuating wind pressure is low on the side and leeward surface of the building， and vegetation reduces the coherence of fluctuating wind pressure on the windward surface. Vegetation can effectively reduce the minimum wind pressure coefficients on the side and leeward surface， thus exerting significant inhibitory effects on local strong winds on the buildings facade. The body shape coefficients of the windward surface in the specifications is conservative， while the body shape coefficients of the side and leeward surface is unsafe. When the buildings windward surface forms an angle of 45° to 60° with the incoming flow， vegetation provides the largest reduction in the body shape coefficients， reaching a maximum of 70%.

关键词

高层建筑 / 风洞试验 / 风压系数 / 体型系数 / 相关性

Key words

high-rise building / wind tunnel test / wind pressure coefficient / shape coefficient / correlation

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基金资助

湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2024JJ5049)

湖南省人才托举工程基金资助项目(2023TJ-N17)

湖湘青年英才科技创新基金资助项目(2023RC3192)

长沙理工大学研究生实践创新与创业能力提升项目(CLSJCX22034)