具身智能机器人防护的研究进展

Research progress on embodied intelligent protection in robotics

摘要

具身智能机器人防护（embodied intelligent protection in robotics，EIPR）是一种将机器人结构防护与智能决策深度融合的新型防护范式，旨在赋予机器人在复杂与不确定环境中自主感知、学习与交互的能力，从而实现对外部风险的快速响应与自我保护。与依赖预设规则的传统“定义式防护”相比，EIPR强调“本体-环境-智能”的协同演化，使防护机制由单纯的被动抵御向主动感知、自主优化与自适应防护转变。本研究系统梳理了机器人主动防护与被动防护两部分的研究进展：在主动防护方面，重点介绍基于避障与路径规划、碰撞检测、防跌倒控制、故障预测以及多机器人合作安全通信的智能防护策略；在被动防护方面，总结防护材料与结构设计在缓冲吸能、热防护及水下防护中的应用。最后，探讨EIPR在物理结构设计、环境感知以及智能决策与学习算法等方面的未来趋势。

Abstract

Embodied intelligent protection in robotics (EIPR) is a novel protection paradigm that deeply integrates structural protection with intelligent decision-making, enabling robots to autonomously perceive, learn, and interact in complex and uncertain environments, thereby achieving rapid responses to external risks and self-protection. Compared with traditional “rule-defined protection”, EIPR emphasizes the co-evolution of the body, environment, and intelligence, shifting protection mechanisms from purely passive resistance toward active perception, autonomous optimization, and adaptive protection. This study systematically reviews the research progress in both active and passive protection. For active protection, highlight intelligent strategies for obstacle avoidance and path planning, collision detection, fall-prevention control, fault prediction, and safe communication in multi-robot collaboration. For passive protection, summarize advances in protective materials and structural designs for energy absorption, thermal protection, and underwater protection. Finally, discuss future trends of EIPR in physical structural design, environmental perception, and intelligent decision-making and learning algorithms.

关键词

具身智能 / 机器人防护 / 主动防护 / 被动防护

Key words

embodied intelligence / robot protection / active protection / passive protection

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金面上项目(12572432)

广东省科技计划资助项目(2023B1212010009)