高温岩石应力波传播测试系统

A testing system for investigating the stress wave propagation in high-temperature rock

摘要

应力波传播试验是研究岩石动态力学特性的关键，对岩石工程动态稳定性分析具有重要意义。在高温岩石工程中，由于岩芯完整性较差，通常将岩芯制备为短杆试样。对短杆试样开展高温岩石应力波传播试验时，入射波和反射波在短杆试样中发生叠加，影响应力波传播特性（幅值衰减率、衰减系数和波数）的分析。针对短杆试样内应力波叠加问题，本研究提出短杆-波分离方法，以获得短杆试样中分离的应力波。同时，为了解决无法接触测量高温短杆试样内应力波信号的难题，本研究提出非接触-自由端测量方法。该方法利用了自由端面应力波信号放大原理，显著提高了非接触测量的精度。基于短杆-波分离方法和非接触-自由端测量方法，研发了高温岩石应力波传播测试系统。为了评估测试系统的测量精度，利用该系统开展花岗岩应力波传播试验，测量了花岗岩内应力波的传播特性（幅值衰减率、衰减系数和波数）。结果表明：高温岩石应力波传播测试系统与传统应力波传播测试系统测量的应力波传播特性相近，相对误差小于4.8%；与传统应力波传播测试系统相比，该测试系统可缩短岩芯的长度，并实现非接触实时测试。

Abstract

The stress wave propagation test is important for revealing the dynamic properties of rock masses, which is significant for the dynamic stability analysis of rock engineering. The rock core generally was machined as the short-bar specimen because of the low rock integrity in rock engineering with high temperature. The superposition of the incident wave and reflected wave in short-bar specimen affects the analysis of stress wave propagation (amplitude attenuation ratio, attenuation coefficient and wave number). To overcome the superposition of the stress wave in short-bar specimens, the short-bar wave separation method was proposed. In addition, the non-contact free end measurement method was developed to non-contact measure the amplified stress wave at the free end of the short-bar specimen, which solved the limit of contact measurement in the high-temperature environment and improved the measurement accuracy. A testing system for investigating the stress wave propagation in the high-temperature rock was developed based on the short-bar wave separation method and the non-contact free end measurement method. To verify the performance of the proposed testing system, the impact test was conducted to investigate the stress wave propagation (amplitude attenuation ratio, attenuation coefficient and wave number). The results show that the wave velocity, attenuation coefficient and wave number determined by the proposed testing system are similar to those determined by the traditional testing system. The relative error of results determined by the proposed test system is smaller than 4.8%. Compared to the traditional testing system, the proposed testing system can reduce the length of the rock bar and non-contact measure stress wave propagation in real time.

关键词

应力波传播 / 岩石 / 高温 / 非接触测试 / 衰减系数 / 波数

Key words

stress wave propagation / rock / high temperature / no-contact measurement / attenuation coefficient / wave number

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(42477210)

北京市杰出青年基金资助项目(JQ20039)