不同性别青少年篮球运动员侧切跑下肢运动学肌电研究

Kinematic and electromyographic study of lower limb movement during slant run in adolescent basketball players of different genders

摘要

目的 分析不同性别青少年篮球运动员侧切跑中的下肢运动学肌电变化情况，为识别膝关节损伤风险提供支持。方法 选取2023年9月-2025年5月北京体育大学中国篮球运动学院综合体检中的男、女青少年篮球运动员各51名，采用肌电图测定侧切跑的运动学数据。结果 观察侧切跑动作周期中，肌肉贡献率由高到低排序（男性为股四头肌内侧头、内侧腘绳肌、外侧腘绳肌、腓肠肌内侧头、股四头肌外侧头、股直肌、腓肠肌外侧头；女性为股四头肌内侧头、内侧腘绳肌、腓肠肌内侧头、外侧腘绳肌、股四头肌外侧头、股直肌、腓肠肌外侧头）。结果显示：女性股四头肌内侧头贡献率明显高于男性（P＜0.05）；女性股直肌、腓肠肌内侧头、股四头肌内侧头、腓肠肌外侧头肌肉肌电最大振幅均值占最大自主收缩力（maximum voluntary contriction，MVC）比例高于男性（P＜0.05）；女性运动周期40%股四头肌外侧头、女性股直肌、股四头肌内侧头的积分肌电值高于男性（P＜0.05）。女性腘绳肌/股四头肌、腓肠肌外侧头/外侧腘绳肌共同收缩指数低于男性（P＜0.05）。结论 青少年篮球运动员侧切跑中的下肢肌电特征性别差异明显，不同性别侧切跑中肌肉贡献率、共同收缩指数、肌肉积分肌电值、最大振幅均值占MVC比例存在不同程度差异，女性青少年篮球运动员发生膝关节损伤的风险较高，合理评估侧切跑过程中肌电图相关数据对察觉膝关节损伤风险、实施针对性康复指导具有积极作用。

Abstract

Objective To analyze the kinematic and electromyographic changes in the lower limbs during slant run in adolescent basketball players of different genders, and to provide support for identifying the risk of knee joint injuries. Methods Fifty-one male and fifty-one female adolescent basketball players from the China Basketball College at Beijing Sport University underwent comprehensive physical examinations from September 2023 to May 2025. Electromyography was used to measure the kinematic data of slant run. Results During the observation of the slant run action cycle, the order of muscle contribution rates from high to low for the males was as follows: medial head of quadriceps femoris, medial hamstring muscle, lateral hamstring muscle, medial head of gastrocnemius muscle, lateral head of quadriceps femoris, rectus femoris, lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle. For the females, the order was as follows: medial head of quadriceps femoris, medial hamstring muscle, medial head of gastrocnemius muscle, lateral hamstring muscle, lateral head of quadriceps femoris, rectus femoris, lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle. Notably, the contribution rate of the medial head of quadriceps femoris in the females was significantly higher than that in the males (P＜0.05). The average proportion of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of electromyography for the rectus femoris, medial head of gastrocnemius, medial head of quadriceps femoris, and lateral head of gastrocnemius in the females was higher than that in the males (P＜0.05). The electromyography value of the lateral head of quadriceps femoris, rectus femoris, and medial head of quadriceps femoris at 40% of the movement cycle in the females were higher than those in the males (P＜0.05). The co-contraction index of the hamstring muscle/quadriceps femoris and lateral head of gastrocnemius muscle/lateral hamstring muscle in the females was lower than that in the males (P＜0.05). Conclusion There are significant gender differences in the electromyographic characteristics of the lower limbs during slant run in adolescent basketball players. There are varying degrees of differences in muscle contribution rate, co-contraction index, electromyographic value of muscles, and the proportion of maximum amplitude mean value to MVC during slant run between different genders. Female adolescent basketball players have a higher risk of knee joint injury. Rationally evaluating electromyographic data during slant run plays a positive role in detecting the risk of knee joint injury and implementing targeted rehabilitation guidance.

关键词

青少年 / 篮球 / 运动员 / 性别 / 侧切跑 / 下肢 / 肌电图

Key words

teenagers / basketball / athletes / gender / slant run / lower limbs / electromyography

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基金资助

山西省科技厅资助项目(202203021221022)