梯度密度泡沫铝填充锥形汽车吸能盒撞击特性研究

Crushing of gradient density aluminum foam-filled tapered automotive energy-absorbing boxes

摘要

为了提升汽车被动安全性能，提升汽车吸能盒在碰撞中的吸能表现，提出了新型含诱导槽填充梯度密度泡沫铝的锥形汽车吸能盒。利用ABAQUS商业有限元软件，通过计算研究了该结构吸能盒撞击性能，探究了泡沫铝密度梯度、诱导槽设计和锥管设计中的多种因素对吸能盒撞击性能的影响，揭示了吸能盒的撞击变形机制和吸能特性。之后以同等质量结构较低峰值载荷及优异能量吸收为优化目标，对填充梯度泡沫铝锥形吸能盒结构进行了优化设计。研究发现，相较于填充均质泡沫铝且底角为90°的吸能盒，底角为85°，逆密度梯度填充泡沫铝并添加一个诱导槽的吸能盒，比吸能提升44%，峰值碰撞力降低16.9%，压溃力效率达到了92.18%。通过优化设计给出了一种轻量化、吸能优异、变形过程稳定且承载低的汽车吸能盒设计方案。

Abstract

In order to improve the passive safety performance of automobiles and energy absorption performance of automotive energy-absorbing boxes in crashes，a new type of gradient density aluminum foam conical automotive energy-absorbing box with induced grooves is proposed. Using ABAQUS commercial finite element software，the calculation is carried out to study the impact performance of the gradient density aluminum foam tapered box with induced grooves. The effects of the density gradient of the aluminum foam，the design of the induced grooves，and the design of the tapered tube on the impact performance of the boxes are investigated，and the deformation mechanism of the box and the energy-absorbing characteristics is revealed. It is found that compared with the box filled with homogeneous aluminum foam and with a bottom angle of 90°，the box with a bottom angle of 85°，filled with negative density-gradient aluminum foam and with an induced groove，has a 44% improvement in specific energy absorption，a 16.9% reduction in the peak collision force，and an efficiency of 92.18% in the compression and collapsing force. A lightweight，excellent energy absorbing，stable deformation process，and low load-bearing design scheme for automotive energy-absorbing boxes has been proposed through optimized design.

关键词

锥形吸能盒结构 / 梯度泡沫铝 / 准静态压缩 / 有限元仿真 / 轻量化设计

Key words

conical energy-absorbing box structure / gradient aluminum foam / quasi-static compression / finite element simulation / low load-bearing design

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(12272290)

国家自然科学基金资助项目(11872291)

汽车安全与节能国家重点实验室开放基金资助项目(KFY2202)