堆石混凝土宏细观力学特性研究进展

Research advances in macro- and mesoscale mechanical properties of rock-filled concrete

摘要

堆石混凝土（rock-filled concrete，RFC）作为一种超大粒径间断级配的新型筑坝材料，在减少碳排放、降低水化热、缩短工期与节省工程投资等方面具有显著优势，已在多类工程中得到应用。围绕超大粒径堆石及多相界面如何影响RFC宏细观力学性能这一核心问题，本研究系统梳理了现有研究。宏观层面，比较缩尺试验、大试件切割和无损检测等测试方法，总结了抗压强度与尺寸效应、弹性与徐变特性、劈裂与抗弯性能、应力-应变关系、层间抗剪强度及断裂力学性能等关键指标；细观层面，梳理了岩石、高流动性自密实混凝土（high-performance self-compacting concrete，HSCC）及各类界面本构，研究了细观表征技术对堆石骨架、堆石-HSCC界面与孔隙缺陷的揭示作用，并概括了参数化细观建模、孪生细观建模及数值求解方法的应用特点；宏细观桥接方面，讨论了等效体积元尺度选取、等效参数反演、非均匀热渗特性与多场耦合等跨尺度关联问题。最后，从RFC宏观性能、跨尺度分析体系和数据共享平台3个方面对RFC宏细观研究的未来发展趋势进行了展望。本研究可为真实堆石骨架与多相界面的统一跨尺度分析体系构建提供参考，为RFC在百米级高坝及其他大型工程中的建设应用提供数据支撑。

Abstract

Rock-filled concrete (RFC)，a novel dam-construction material featuring extra-large particle sizes and a gap-graded aggregate system，offers significant advantages in reducing carbon emissions and hydration heat，shortening construction duration，and saving project investment，and has been applied in various engineering projects. Focusing on the key question of how extra-large rock and multiphase interfaces influence the macro- and mesoscale mechanical behavior of RFC，the existing studies are systematically reviewed. At the macroscopic level，testing approaches such as scaled model tests，large-specimen cutting，and nondestructive testing are compared；key performance indicators are summarized，including compressive strength and size effect，elastic and creep behavior，splitting and flexural performance，stress-strain relationships，interlayer shear strength，and fracture-mechanics properties. At the mesoscale level，constitutive descriptions of rock，high-performance self-compacting concrete (HSCC)，and various interfaces are outlined；mesoscale characterization techniques are reviewed with an emphasis on their roles in revealing the rock skeleton，the rock-HSCC interface，and void-type defects；and the characteristics of parametric mesoscale modeling，twin mesoscale modeling，and numerical solution strategies are summarized. Regarding macro-meso bridging，cross-scale issues are discussed，including representative volume element size selection，inverse identification of equivalent parameters，heterogeneous thermo-seepage behavior，and multi-field coupling. Finally，future trends in RFC macro-meso research are outlined from three perspectives: macroscopic performance，cross-scale analysis frameworks，and data-sharing platforms. This review provides reference for establishing a unified cross-scale analysis framework incorporating realistic rock skeletons and multiphase interfaces，and offers data support for the application of RFC in 100-m-class high dams and other large-scale engineering works.

关键词

堆石混凝土 / 宏观力学性能 / 细观表征 / 细观建模 / 宏细观桥接 / 跨尺度分析体系

Key words

rock-filled concrete / macroscopic mechanical properties / mesoscale characterization / mesoscale modeling / macro-meso bridging / cross-scale analysis framework

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52278251)

贵州省科技计划重点资助项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2022]重点007)