氢射流驻涡燃烧室燃烧及排放特性数值模拟

Numerical investigation on the combustion and emission characteristics in a hydrogen jet-trapped vortex combustor

摘要

火焰稳定域宽与污染物排放低是现代航空发动机燃烧室设计中较为重要的两方面。驻涡燃烧室因其优异的火焰稳定与低污染特性受到广泛关注，但其主流与凹腔内热质交换不充分的问题限制了性能进一步提升。为此，在驻涡燃烧室构型基础上引入射流稳焰方式，本研究设计了一种新型射流驻涡燃烧室构型，利用射流稳焰方式掺混效率高、热质交换充分的特性弥补传统驻涡燃烧室的不足。研究采用数值模拟方法，对不同空气射流角度对氢燃料射流驻涡稳焰燃烧室内流动、燃烧及排放特性的影响开展了分析。研究表明在不同空气射流角度下，氢燃料射流与空气射流的交界区域均能形成旋涡对结构，并实现给定当量比下的完全燃烧。当空气射流角度为0°时，燃烧室整体的燃烧效率、温度分布均匀性表现相对较好。若进一步增大空气射流角度，燃烧效率和温度分布呈均匀性逐渐下降，燃烧室整体氮氧化物排放量呈现为先在空气射流角度为10°时升高，而后逐渐降低的趋势。

Abstract

The two critical aspects in the design of modern aero-engine combustors are the width of the flame stability limits and the reduction of pollutant emissions. Trapped vortex combustor (TVC) have attracted significant attention due to their excellent flame stabilization and low-emission characteristics; however, insufficient heat and mass transfer between the mainstream flow and the cavity region limits further performance improvement. To enhance performance, a novel jet-trapped vortex combustor combined with jet-stabilized method and the conventional TVC is proposed. Therefore, in this study, the numerical method is employed to investigate the effects of different air jet angles on the flow, combustion, and emission characteristics within a hydrogen jet-trapped vortex combustor. The results indicate that under various air jet angles, vortex pair structures are formed at the interface between hydrogen and air jets, enabling complete combustion at a given equivalence ratio. When the air-jet injection angle is set to 0°, the combustor exhibits the highest overall combustion efficiency and the most uniform temperature distribution. Incrementally increasing the injection angle progressively decreases both parameters. Notably, the total nitrogen-oxide emissions first rise, peaking at an injection angle of 10°, and then decline with further angular augmentation.

关键词

射流驻涡燃烧室 / 射流角度 / 氢燃烧 / NO_X排放 / 数值模拟

Key words

jet-trapped vortex combustor / jet angle / hydrogen combustion / NO_X emissions / numerical simulation

参考文献

[1] Meier W, Prucker S, Cao M H, et al. Characterization of turbulent hytVAir jet diffusion flames by single-pulse spontaneous Raman scattering[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 1996, 118(4/5/6): 293-312.

[2] Bazdidi-Tehrani F, Zeinivand H. Presumed PDF modeling of reactive two-phase flow in a three dimensional jet-stabilized model combustor[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2010, 51(1): 225-234.

[3] Zeinivand H, Bazdidi-Tehrani F. Influence of stabilizer jets on combustion characteristics and NO_x emission in a jet-stabilized combustor [J]. Applied Energy, 2012, 92: 348-360.

[4] Alemi E, Zargarabadi M R. Effects of jet characteristics on NO formation in a jet-stabilized combustor[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2017, 112: 55-67.

[5] Sun H J, Yan P H, Xu Y H. Numerical simulation on hydrogen combustion and flow characteristics of a jet-stabilized combustor[J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2020, 45(22): 12604-12615.

[6] Sun H J, Yan P H, Tian L, et al. Effects of hydrogen multijet and flow rate assignment on the combustion flow characteristics in a jet-stabilized combustor[J]. ACS Omega, 2021, 6(20): 12952-12964.

[7] 祁治伟, 王骥飞, 刘秋洪. 截面渐变稳态射流燃烧室燃烧与排放数值模拟[J]. 航空动力学报, 2024, 39(9): 285-294.

[8] Qi Zhiwei, Wang Jifei, Liu Qiuhong. Combustion and emission numerical simulation of shape morphing jet-stabilized combustor[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2024, 39(9): 285-294(in Chinese).

[9] Hasan S D, Rhyhanul I M, Inam M I, et al. Numerical analysis of combustion flow & emission characteristics of a jet-stabilized combustor with varying angled coaxial air-fuel injector[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2025, 258, Part C: 124740.

[10] Sampat R, Goselink N, Dave K, et al. Stabilization and emissions characteristics of CH₄-H₂ blends in a premixed jet stabilized combustor [J]. Fuel, 2025, 395: 135059.

[11] Hsu K Y, Gross L P, Trump D D, et al. Performance of a trapped-vortex combustor[C]// 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, VA, USA: AIAA, 1995: AIAA 1995-810.

[12] Jiang P, He X M. Performance of a novel mixed-flow trapped vortex combustor for turboshaft engine[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2020, 105: 106034.

[13] Jiang P, He X M. Ignition characteristics of a novel mixed-flow trapped vortex combustor for turboshaft engine[J]. Fuel, 2020, 261: 116430.

[14] Sun H J, Yan P H, Tian L, et al. Numerical simulation of inverse diffusion combustion and flow characteristics in a trapped vortex combustor[J]. International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences, 2021, 22(3): 625-637.

[15] 康玉东, 钟世林, 彭维康, 等. 凹腔驻涡与径向组合稳定器的流动与燃烧特性[J]. 航空动力学报, 2025, 40(1): 13-20.

[16] Kang Yudong, Zhong Shilin, Peng Weikang, et al. Flow and combustion characteristics of trapped vortex cavity combined with radial flameholder[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2025, 40(1): 13-20(in Chinese).

[17] 邱皓, 邓远灏, 王金涛, 等. 凹腔驻涡加力燃烧室联焰特性研究[J]. 燃气涡轮试验与研究, 2023, 36(6): 21-28.

[18] Qiu Hao, Deng Yuanhao, Wang Jintao, et al. Cross-flame characteristic of the trapped vortex afterburner[J]. Gas Turbine Experiment and Research, 2023, 36(6): 21-28(in Chinese).

[19] 王玉清, 秦飞, 刘振德, 等. 带驻涡凹腔的径向钝体稳定器燃烧特性研究[J]. 推进技术, 2023, 44(8): 137-146.

[20] Wang Yuqing, Qin Fei, Liu Zhende, et al. Combustion characteristics of radial bluff-body flameholder combined with trapped-vortex cavity[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2023, 44(8): 137-146(in Chinese).

[21] 徐啸, 潘伟宸, 吴维维. 驻涡燃烧室前钝体燃料喷射性能数值分析[J]. 航空发动机, 2023, 49(4): 115-121.

[22] Xu Xiao, Pan Weichen, Wu Weiwei. Numerical analysis of trapped vortex combustor performance under front bluff body fuel injection[J]. Aeroengine, 2023, 49(4): 115-121(in Chinese).

[23] 张秋峰, 何小民, 龚诚, 等. 不同旋流器方案下旋流驻涡燃烧室性能[J]. 航空动力学报, 2023, 38(7): 1773-1783.

[24] Zhang Qiufeng, He Xiaomin, Gong Cheng, et al. Performance of swirling-flow single trapped vortex combustor under different swirler schemes[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2023, 38(7): 1773-1783(in Chinese).

[25] 翟云超, 钟世林, 康玉东, 等. 采用气旋耦合喷嘴的凹腔驻涡加力燃烧室点火性能研究[J]. 航空动力学报, 2024, 39(12): 236-245.

[26] Zhai Yunchao, Zhong Shilin, Kang Yudong, et al. Study on ignition performance of a cavity trapped vortex combustor of the afterburner with an air-blast-swirl atomizer[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2024, 39(12): 236-245(in Chinese).

[27] 刘应立, 曾卓雄, 郭开放. 新月形沙丘钝体对驻涡燃烧室性能的影响分析[J]. 热科学与技术, 2024, 23(1): 70-78.

[28] Liu Yingli, Zeng Zhuoxiong, Guo Kaifang. Performance analysis on trapped vortex combustor with barchan dune bluff body[J]. Journal of Thermal Science and Technology, 2024, 23(1): 70-78(in Chinese).

[29] 王金涛, 钟世林, 翟云超, 等. 驻涡加力燃烧室凹腔稳定器冷却特性实验研究[J]. 推进技术, 2024, 45(4): 163-169.

[30] Wang Jintao, Zhong Shilin, Zhai Yunchao, et al. Experimental research of cooling characteristics of cavity flameholder on trapped vortex afterburner[J]. Journal of Propulsion Technology, 2024, 45(4): 163-169(in Chinese).

[31] 钟世林, 彭维康, 康玉东, 等. 凹腔驻涡超级燃烧室模态转换动态流动特性[J]. 航空动力学报, 2025, 40(7): 132-143.

[32] Zhong Shilin, Peng Weikang, Kang Yudong, et al. Unsteady flow characteristics in hyper-burner with trapped vortex cavity during mode transition[J]. Journal of Aerospace Power, 2025, 40(7): 132-143(in Chinese).

[33] Guo Y X, He X M, Gong C, et al. Performance of a novel swirling-flow single trapped vortex combustor[J]. Aerospace Science and Technology, 2022, 127: 107674.

[34] Guo Y X, Gong C, Huang Y K, et al. Ignition process of a novel swirling-flow single trapped vortex combustor with RP-3 liquid aviation fuel[J]. Fuel, 2023, 347: 128317.

[35] Guo Y X, Gong C, Huang Y K, et al. Combustion and emission performance of swirling-flow single trapped vortex combustor[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2024, 236, Part C: 121678.

[36] Roquemore W M, Shouse D, Burrus D, et al. Trapped vortex combustor concept for gas turbine engines[C]// 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. Reston, VA, USA: AIAA, 2001: AIAA 2001-483.

[37] Agarwal K K, Ravikrishna R V. Experimental and numerical studies in a compact trapped vortex combustor: stability assessment and augmentation[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 2011, 183(12): 1308-1327.

[38] Agarwal K K, Krishna S, Ravikrishna R V. Mixing enhancement in a compact trapped vortex combustor[J]. Combustion Science and Technology, 2013, 185(3): 363-378.

[39] Merlin C, Domingo P, Vervisch L. Large eddy simulation of turbulent flames in a trapped vortex combustor (TVC)-a flamelet presumed-pdf closure preserving laminar flame speed[J]. Comptes Rendus Mécanique, 2012, 340(11/12): 917-932.

[40] 任冠龙, 孙海俊, 田乐, 等. 不同构型射流稳焰燃烧室的冷态数值研究[J]. 弹箭与制导学报, 2022, 42(2): 1-6.

[41] Ren Guanlong, Sun Haijun, Tian Le, et al. Numerical study on the flow characteristics of jet-stabilized combustor with different configurations[J]. Journal of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles and Guidance, 2022, 42(2): 1-6(in Chinese).

[42] Tian L, Sun H J, Xu Y H, et al. Numerical analysis on combustion flow characteristics of jet-stabilized combustor with different geometry[J]. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 2022, 32: 101885.

[43] Hou X L, Sun H J, Wu X X, et al. Effects of air jet position on hydrogen combustion flow and NO_X emission characteristics in a jet-trapped vortex combustor [J]. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2025, 170: 151087.

[44] Ren G L, Sun H J, Chen F J, et al. CFD investigation of structural effects of internal gas intake on powder conveying performance in fuel supply systems for aerospace engines[J]. Particuology, 2024, 92: 140-154.

[45] Ren G L, Sun H J, Xu Y H, et al. Effect of intake position on powder fluidization and conveying characteristics in powder supply device[J]. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 2023, 183: 109240.

[46] Yang X, He Z H, Qiu P H, et al. Numerical investigations on combustion and emission characteristics of a novel elliptical jet-stabilized model combustor[J]. Energy, 2019, 170: 1082-1097.

[47] Sun Q Q, Li Y K, Zhang Y, et al. Research on NO generation characteristics of ammonia-premixed flame[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2023, 876: 162707.

基金资助

江西省自然科学基金资助项目(20224BAB214060)

江西省重点研发计划资助项目(20232BBE50005)