汽车防抱死系统球阀流固耦合动力学建模与仿真研究

Modeling and simulation of fluid-structure interaction dynamics in ball valves for automotive anti-lock braking systems

摘要

随着汽车工业的迅猛发展，制动系统性能与安全性的提升日益成为科研领域的焦点。防抱死系统（anti-lock braking system，ABS）作为保障汽车行驶过程中紧急制动时避免轮胎抱死的至关重要的安全调节机制，其核心部件——球阀的运行性能直接关系到ABS的工作效率及可靠性。目前，关于其球阀的服役过程尚未形成可靠的数值模型用于分析球阀的服役性能，且在无模型指导下开展的实验研究效率较低，以上因素将极大地影响高品质ABS防抱死系统的研发。鉴于此，该研究采用流固耦合技术，针对球阀在多种工作状态下的应力分布、形变特性及速度响应，进行了深入且全面的对比分析。研究结果表明，在汽车防抱死系统的制动过程中，球阀的形变、速度响应以及所承受的应力，均呈现出正弦函数的变化规律。结构钢材质的球阀形变幅度最小，铸铁球阀速度响应敏捷，纯铜材质球阀承受应力相对较小，这表明材料特性显著影响球阀性能。研究结果将为汽车ABS系统球阀多材质阀芯的优化设计提供了关键的理论依据与数据支撑。

Abstract

With the rapid development of the automobile industry，the improvement of the braking system performance and safety has increasingly become the focus of the scientific research field. The anti-lock braking system（ABS）is a crucial safety adjustment mechanism to prevent tire lock during emergency braking process of automobile driving. The operating performance of its core component-the ball valve is directly related to the working efficiency and reliability of ABS. At present，no reliable numerical model has been formed for the service process of the ball valve to analyze the service performance of the ball valve，and the experimental research under the guidance of no model is inefficient. The above factors will greatly affect the research and development of high-quality ABS anti-lock systems. In view of this，the stress distribution，deformation characteristics and velocity response of the ball valve. The results show deformation of the ball valve，the speed response and the stress of the vehicle. In this case，the ball valve with structural steel shows the lowest deformation amplitude，the cast iron ball valve shows excellent agility in the speed response，and the pure copper ball valve bears the relatively small stress，which significantly reveals the significant influence of the material characteristics on the stress distribution. The results will provide a key theoretical basis and data support for the optimal design of a multi-material spool for automotive ABS systems.

关键词

防抱死系统 / 球阀 / 流固耦合仿真 / 多材质阀芯

Key words

anti-lock braking system / ball valve / fluid-structure interaction simulation / multi-material spool

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52205263)

国防重点实验室基金资助项目(WZDC2024.52.50314)

湖南省自然科学基金资助项目(2024JJ5157)