基于生物多体动力学的蛙泳动作分析方法

Analysis method of breaststroke movements based on biomechanical multibody dynamics

摘要

面向竞技游泳的生物力学分析，有助于技术动作评估与竞技水平提升，然而目前尚无成熟开源的游泳技术动作生物动力学分析方法。本研究旨在构建结合逆运动学-流体力-逆动力学分析的蛙泳运动生物力学分析方案，实现游泳过程中难以在体测量的关节力矩与肌肉发力模式定量描述。利用红外动作捕捉技术对1名大学生运动员（男性，BMI为24.0 kg/m²）进行水下动作采集，基于Swumsuit软件进行体段简化与流体载荷计算，得到运动员游泳过程中各体段所受流体力，将该流体力输入OpenSim全人体肌骨系统动力学模型，基于静态优化分析蛙泳运动过程中关节力矩及肌群发力特征。分析得出的流体作用力、关节力矩及肌肉激活度与文献中类似运动相符，提出的仿真分析方法实现了蛙泳过程流体阻力与肌肉发力模式的定量分析，为高水平游泳运动员训练模式改进和竞技水平提升提供生物动力学分析方案。

Abstract

Biomechanical analyses of competitive swimming are beneficial for estimating technical motions and improving the competitive level. However，so far，there have been no mature and open-source biodynamic methods of analyzing swimming technical motions. This study aims to establish a biomechanics method，combining inverse kinematics，fluid force and inverse kinetics analysis，for analyzing breaststroke sports biomechanics. By this means，the joint torques and muscle force generation modes that are difficult to measure during swimming are quantitatively described. Infrared motion capture was used to collect underwater kinematics of a college student athlete（male，BMI=24.0 kg/m ²）. Fluid forces on the athlete's body segments are calculated using Swumsuit software，which performs segmental simplification and fluid load calculation. The obtained fluid force is then used as a force input in a full-body musculoskeletal model in OpenSim，and the characteristics of joint torques and muscle activation patterns during breaststroke are obtained based on static optimization. The obtained fluid forces，joint torques，and muscle activation patterns are similar to those reported in the literature. The proposed simulation method realizes quantitative analyses of muscle activation and fluid drag forces during breaststroke，providing a biomechanical analysis scheme for improving the training patterns and enhancing the competitive performance of elite swimmers.

关键词

多体动力学 / 肌肉骨骼系统 / 逆向动力学 / 流体力 / OpenSim / 肌肉激活

Key words

multibody dynamics / musculoskeletal system / inverse dynamics / fluid force / OpenSim / muscle activation

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基金资助

北京市自然科学基金资助项目(QY25239)

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(2024CX06074)

国家自然科学基金资助项目(12472037)