琼东南盆地西南部深水古潜山天然气成藏模式
郑磊 , 晁彩霞 , 赵永刚 , 税蕾蕾 , 吴土荣 , 闫琢玉 , 张群 , 黄合庭 , 崔书姮 , 张东峰 , 罗程飞 , 李冬林 , 何登连 , 钟鸿鹏
现代地质 ›› 2026, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2) : 415 -426.
琼东南盆地西南部深水古潜山天然气成藏模式
Natural Gas Accumulation Models of Deep-Water Buried Hill in the Southwestern Qiongdongnan Basin
前古近系花岗岩潜山气藏是近年琼东南盆地深水-超深水油气勘探新领域,这种深水古潜山油气藏具有典型的新生古储特征,而且油气成藏史及圈闭与新近系碎屑岩圈闭不同。利用地球化学分析、包裹体均一温度检测以及成藏史恢复等技术方法,深入分析研究了琼东南盆地西南部深水区陵南低凸起古潜山带油气运聚成藏过程,并总结建立了古潜山油气运聚成藏模式。研究表明,陵南低凸起W321潜山气藏烃源供给主要来自渐新统崖城组煤系烃源岩,天然气组成比邻区中浅层中央浊积水道中新统及上新统气藏具更高的甲烷含量和干燥系数,甲烷及同系物碳同位素亦偏重。古潜山储层包裹体捕获温度主要为129.6 ~ 135.3 ℃,且对应着1期集中充注,具体时间为晚中新世黄流组末期-上新世莺歌海组沉积时期(约5.5 Ma)。此外,陵南低凸起古潜山主断层活动在中新世三亚组沉积末期结束,圈闭形成较早。很显然这种“早充注、早定型”的古潜山圈闭有利于天然气运聚成藏及富集保存。陵南低凸起古潜山天然气成藏模式可具体总结为:邻近乐东-陵水凹陷崖城组烃源岩提供的天然气,沿陵南低凸起构造脊、沟源断裂及构造裂缝等构成的输导体系侧向运移,并最终在古潜山圈闭的前古近系花岗岩风化壳和裂缝型优质储层中富集,形成新生古储、侧生上储(古储)型天然气藏。该研究成果及认识,对深水-超深水古潜山油气资源的勘探评价及新勘探领域拓展等,尤其是古潜山油气有利勘探区带和钻探目标优选等,均具有重要的借鉴意义。
Pre-Paleogene granite buried-hill gas reservoirs represent a new frontier for deepwater–ultradeepwater oil and gas exploration in the Qiongdongnan Basin in recent years. Such deepwater buried-hill reservoirs are characterized by typical “young-generation old-storage” features, and their hydrocarbon accumulation history and trap evolution differ distinctly from those of Neogene clastic traps. Based on geochemical analyses of natural gas samples from regional wells, homogenization temperature measurements of fluid inclusions, and reconstruction of hydrocarbon accumulation histories, this study systematically investigates the hydrocarbon migration, accumulation and pooling processes of the buried-hill belt in the Lingnan Low Uplift, southwestern deepwater Qiongdongnan Basin, and establishes a corresponding hydrocarbon accumulation model. Results show that hydrocarbon supply to the W321 buried-hill gas reservoir in the Lingnan Low Uplift is mainly derived from coal-measure source rocks of the Oligocene Yacheng Formation. Compared with middle–shallow Miocene and Pliocene gas reservoirs in the central turbidity channel of the adjacent area, natural gas in this buried-hill reservoir exhibits higher methane content and dryness coefficient, as well as heavier carbon isotopic compositions of methane and its homologues. Homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions in the buried-hill reservoirs range mainly from 129.6 ℃ to 135.3 ℃, corresponding to a single episode of intensive gas charging during the late stage of the Late Miocene Huangliu Formation to the Pliocene Yinggehai Formation (approximately 5.5 Ma). In addition, major fault activity in the buried hills of the Lingnan Low Uplift ceased by the end of the Miocene Sanya Formation, indicating early trap formation. Such “early charging and early stabilization” buried-hill traps are clearly favorable for natural gas migration, accumulation, enrichment and preservation. In summary, the natural gas accumulation model of the buried hills in the Lingnan Low Uplift can be summarized as follows: natural gas generated from the Yacheng Formation source rocks in the adjacent Ledong-Lingshui Sag migrates laterally along a carrier system composed of structural ridges, source-connected faults and tectonic fractures, and finally accumulates in high-quality weathered crust and fractured reservoirs of Pre-Paleogene granite within buried-hill traps, forming “young-generation old-storage” and “lateral-generation upper-storage (old-storage)” gas reservoirs. The findings of this study provide important guidance and reference for exploration evaluation and new frontier expansion of deepwater-ultradeepwater buried-hill oil and gas resources, particularly for the optimization of favorable exploration zones and drilling targets in buried-hill plays.
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南海西部高温高压气藏勘探开发技术及勘探新领域研究(CNOOC-KJ 135 ZDXM38ZJ02ZJ)
广东省软科学研究项目(2018B030323028)
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