四川盆地东北部上三叠统须家河组沉积特征与控储作用
黄彦庆 , 刘君龙 , 余瑜 , 南凡驰 , 乔大伟 , 王爱 , 李俊佑 , 卢晓林
现代地质 ›› 2026, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3) : 768 -779.
四川盆地东北部上三叠统须家河组沉积特征与控储作用
Sedimentary Characteristics and the Controlling Role of Sedimentation on Reservoirs of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation, Northeastern Sichuan Basin
本文应用岩心描述、野外剖面观测、测井解释和地震预测等技术方法,系统研究了四川盆地东北部上三叠统须家河组的沉积特征,建立了盆山耦合的沉积演化模式,并探讨了沉积对储层的控制作用,研究结果表明:川东北须家河组沉积时期受龙门山北段、北秦岭造山带和大巴山3个物源控制,每个物源供应能力的变化导致河道砂体发育程度的差异。须二段沉积期,龙门山北段物源供应充足,研究区西部水下分流河道砂体非常发育,砂地比 ≥ 0.8;须四段沉积期,大巴山物源的影响范围扩大,中、东部北东向叠置分支河道砂岩含量高。而且,3个物源区母岩性质存在差异,叠加距离物源区的变化,导致每个物源控制沉积体系砂岩类型的不同,进而影响后期孔隙演化过程和有利储层形成机制,受龙门山北段物源控制的元坝西北部,须二下亚段长石岩屑砂岩发育长石粒内溶孔,岩屑溶孔和残余粒间孔等多种孔隙类型,储集性能好。受北秦岭造山带物源控制的通南巴地区须二段,砂岩石英含量较高,强构造作用下裂缝广泛发育,渗透能力极好。受大巴山物源控制的巴中地区须四段,砂岩长石含量高,长石粒内溶孔较发育,后期叠加裂缝作用,孔、渗值均较高。本文明确多物源供给差异是控制川东北须家河组有利储层发育的关键因素,为下一步勘探和开发奠定坚实的基础。
The sedimentary characteristics of the Xujiahe Formation in the northeastern Sichuan Basin were systematically studied, and the sedimentary evolution model based on orogenic belts tectonic movement was established through multiple methods such as core descriptions, field profile observations, logging interpretation and seismic prediction. Then the controlling roles of sedimentation on reservoirs were explored. The results indicate: during the Xujiahe Formation deposition in the northeastern Sichuan Basin, sediments originated from three source areas: the northern segment of the Longmen Mountains, the Northern Qinling Orogenic Belt and the Daba Mountains. Variations in the supply capacity of each source area control the difference of sandstone development degree. During the sedimentation period of Xu 2 Member, due to the relatively abundant sediment originating from the northern segment of the Longmen Mountains, the scale of the underwater distributary channels in the western part was large. During the sedimentary period of Xu 4 Member, sediment supply shifted to be dominated by the Daba Mountains, with large-scale northeast-trending superimposed sand bodies forming in the central and eastern regions. The different parent rock properties, coupled with the varying distances from source area to study area, result in distinct sandstone types in the northeastern Sichuan Basin, which influences pore evolution process of the sandstone and the formation mechanisms of favorable reservoirs. The sediment of Yuanba Area came from the northern segment of the Longmen Mountains, and various types of pores such as feldspar intragranular dissolution pores, lithic dissolution pores, and residual intergranular pores were developed in feldspar lithic sandstone. Therefore, the porosity of Xu 2 Member sandstone in the northwestern Yuanba Area is the highest. Within the Northern Qinling Orogenic Belt’ s source-sedimentary system, high quartz content promotes fracture formation under intense tectonic activity, effectively enhancing reservoir permeability. The sandstone of Xu 4 Member in Bazhong Area, which originated from the Daba Mountains, exhibits a relatively high feldspar content, with well-developed dissolution pores and superimposed cracks in the later stage. Therefore, the sandstone of Xu 4 Member in Bazhong Area is of higher porosity and permeability. This study has identified variations in multi-source supply as the key factor controlling the development of favorable reservoirs of the Xujiahe Formation in the northeastern Sichuan Basin, laying a solid foundation for subsequent exploration and development.
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中国石油化工股份有限公司科技开发部项目(P23130)
中国石油化工股份有限公司科技开发部项目(P23201)
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