低放废物处置场包气带和裂隙含水层的渗透性研究——以龙和处置场为例
崔伟哲 , 王杰 , 刘海锋 , 李露露 , 张秋兰
现代地质 ›› 2026, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3) : 879 -886.
低放废物处置场包气带和裂隙含水层的渗透性研究——以龙和处置场为例
Permeability of the Vadose Zone and Fractured Aquifers at a Low-Level Radioactive Disposal Site: Case Study of the Longhe Site
岩土层的渗透性是控制放射性核素迁移的重要参数,也是处置场安全性评价的关键内容。低放废物处置场核素迁移的岩土介质相对复杂,不仅包括地下水含水岩层,还涉及包气带的岩土层。本次研究以龙和近地表处置场为例,利用野外、室内试验数据以及井下电视数据,基于渗透张量理论计算方法,综合分析了包气带和裂隙含水层的渗透性。研究结果表明:包气带和裂隙含水层的渗透性与介质岩性相关,并存在一定的空间变异性。北部裂隙含水层区砾砂夹角砾层的渗透性大体呈现出由西北向东南逐渐减小的趋势,饱和渗透系数为5.48×10-5 ~ 7.59 × 10-4 m/s,南部孔隙含水层区中砂、细砂和粉质黏土的渗透系数平均值分别为9.05 × 10-5 m/s、7.39 × 10-5 m/s和5.16 × 10-8 m/s。裂隙岩体的渗透性在垂向上变异明显,其中砂岩的渗透系数为1.85 × 10-9 ~ 2.51×10-7 m/s,大理岩的渗透系数为1.04 × 10-8 ~ 4.08 × 10-7 m/s,泥岩的渗透系数为2.31 × 10-9 ~ 2.1 × 10-6 m/s。本研究结果可为龙和近地表处置场后续核素迁移的数值模拟提供数据支撑。
The permeability of the geotechnical layers is a key parameter controlling the migration of radioactive nuclides and an essential factor in evaluating the safety of disposal sites. The geological media governing nuclide migration in low-level radioactive waste disposal facilities are relatively complex, involving not only groundwater-bearing aquifers but also the vadose zone. In this study, the Longhe near-surface disposal site was taken as an example. By integrating field investigation data, laboratory test results, and borehole television observations, and applying the theoretical approach of permeability tensor calculation, the permeability characteristics of the vadose zone and fractured aquifers were comprehensively analyzed. The results indicate that the permeability of both the vadose zone and fractured aquifers is closely related to lithology and exhibits spatial variability. In the northern fractured aquifer zone, the permeability of the gravelly sand and interbedded gravel layers generally decreases from northwest to southeast, with saturated hydraulic conductivity ranging from 5.48 × 10⁻⁵ to 7.59 × 10⁻⁴ m/s. In the southern porous aquifer zone, the average hydraulic conductivities of medium sand, fine sand, and silty clay are 9.05 × 10⁻⁵ m/s, 7.39 × 10⁻⁵ m/s, and 5.16 × 10⁻⁸ m/s, respectively. The permeability of fractured rock masses varies significantly in the vertical direction. The hydraulic conductivity of sandstone ranges from 1.85 × 10⁻⁹ to 2.51 × 10⁻⁷ m/s, that of marble from 1.04 × 10⁻⁸ to 4.08 × 10⁻⁷ m/s, and that of mudstone from 2.31 × 10⁻⁹ to 2.10 × 10⁻⁶ m/s. The findings of this study provide essential data support for future numerical simulations of radionuclide migration at the Longhe near-surface disposal site.
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甘肃龙和环保科技有限公司项目“龙和处置场环境数据管理与地下水全过程可视化应用系统研究”(33412023022)
国家自然科学基金项目(42272295)
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