塔北雅克拉断凸潜山构造特征及油气地质意义
宁飞 , 方成名 , 郭景祥 , 邱建华 , 张永 , 乔桂林 , 郭嘉琪 , 朱志立
现代地质 ›› 2026, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3) : 746 -757.
塔北雅克拉断凸潜山构造特征及油气地质意义
Structural Characteristics of the Yakela Fault-convex Buried Hill in Northern Tarim Area and Its Significance for Petroleum Geology
为了更清晰的认识雅克拉断凸油气藏分布规律,基于地震资料详细解析和钻井资料分析,对雅克拉断凸地质结构进行了详细解剖。雅克拉断凸自西向东由“多排山”构造逐渐过渡为由轮台断裂及一系列加里东中、晚期活动的反冲断裂组成的“单排山”构造,轮台断裂在海西晚期强烈活动,导致地层强烈抬升剥蚀,控制了雅克拉断凸的结构,同时也诱发了地层尖灭相关圈闭的发育。亚南断裂北部斜坡处在北部生烃凹陷的迎烃面,油气成藏条件优越;南北两套烃源岩供烃,油气主要沿前中生界不整合面向北部构造高部位运移,在喜马拉雅晚期成藏,断裂活动及其演化过程影响了多类型圈闭的形成,前中生界不整合面是油气运移的主要通道,在油气运移路径上存在泥岩尖灭遮挡和火山岩遮挡等可靠的侧封条件,具备形成油气藏的基础,是除前中生界不整合面高位潜山外最现实且最具潜力的油气勘探新领域。该项研究的地质意义在于突破了雅克拉断凸“整体评价”的传统观念,创立了“构造分段控藏”与“低位潜山成藏”的新模式,不仅深化了对塔里木盆地复杂地质结构下油气富集规律的理论认识,也直接拓展了该区的勘探空间与方向。
In order to clarify the distribution of hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Yakela Fault-Convex, this study delineates the geological structure of the Yakela Fault-Convex through detailed interpretation of seismic and drilling data. From west to east, the structural style transitions from a “multi-row mountains” to a “single-row mountains”, formed by the Luntai Fault and associated Late Caledonian back-thrust faults. Intense activity along the Luntai Fault during the Late Hercynian period induced significant uplift and denudation, shaping the present structure of the fault-convex and facilitating the development of stratigraphic pinch-out traps. Located in the hydrocarbon migration pathway from the northern generative depression, the northern slope of the Yanan Fault possesses favorable accumulation conditions. Hydrocarbon supply from two sets of source rocks in the northern and southern areas, migrating predominantly along the pre-Mesozoic unconformity toward structural highs in the north. Reservoir formation occurred during the Late Himalayan, with fault activity and its evolutionary history controlling the development of diverse trap types. The pre-Mesozoic unconformity served as the principal migration pathway, with effective lateral seals provided by features such as mudstone pinch-outs and volcanic bodies. This area stands as the most promising and viable frontier for new hydrocarbon exploration beyond the deeply buried hills associated with the pre-Mesozoic unconformity. The principal significance of this research is a fundamental re-evaluation of the Yakela Fault-convex. By proposing the new concepts of “structural segmentation controlling hydrocarbon accumulation” and a “low-relief buried hill accumulation model,” it provides a novel theoretical framework that enhances the prediction of hydrocarbon enrichment in complex basins and successfully guides the expansion of exploration into new prospective areas.
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