This study systematically characterizes the reservoir space types, pore structure, and fractal characteristics of the Paleogene Funing Formation Member 2 (E1f2) lacustrine shale in the Subei Basin using integrated experimental techniques. The results reveal that the E1f2 shale exhibits diverse reservoir spaces, including matrix pores, organic-matter pores, and microfractures, with pore sizes spanning the nanometer to micrometer scale. The full-scale pore-size distribution shows a distinct “bimodal” characteristic, with primary peaks located at < 100 nm and > 5000 nm, and a pore volume range of 0.000,92-0.019,94 cm³/g. Fractal dimensions calculated for different pore scales decrease in the order: macropores (D₄) > mesopores (D₃) > minipores (D₂) > microfractures (D₅) > micropores (D₁). A comprehensive fractal dimension (Dₘ), derived from the pore-volume-weighted harmonic mean, was introduced to quantitatively represent the overall heterogeneity of the shale's pore system. The Dₘ values for the E1f2 shale range from 2.640,7 to 2.782,9. The Dₘ value is controlled by mineral composition, showing a positive correlation with quartz and clay mineral content, and a negative correlation with feldspar and carbonate mineral content. Furthermore, Dₘ exhibits a positive correlation with pore tortuosity and a negative correlation with permeability, indicating that complex pore structures in continental shale inhibit fluid flow capacity. By quantifying the overall heterogeneity of the reservoir space using fractal theory, this study provides an important theoretical basis for enhancing the evaluation and efficient development of continental shale oil reservoirs.
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