包头市城区地下水化学空间分异及水文地球化学过程控制强度
倪萍 , 石磊 , 刘海龙 , 秦芳 , 秦智恒 , 王智娇 , 赵杰 , 梁浩
现代地质 ›› 2026, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4) : 1234 -1243.
包头市城区地下水化学空间分异及水文地球化学过程控制强度
Spatial Variation of Groundwater Chemistry and Controlling Intensity of Hydrogeochemical Processes in Urban Baotou
地下水是包头市的关键水资源,探明其水化学形成机制对水资源保护至关重要。为揭示包头市不同水文地质单元地下水化学形成机制,本文将研究区水体划分为冲洪积扇潜水、黄河冲积平原潜水及承压水三类,基于水化学图示法与数理统计开展了对比研究。结果表明,水化学类型空间分异显著,黄河冲积平原潜水及冲洪积扇潜水以Cl·SO4-Ca·Mg型为主,承压水则以HCO3-Ca·Mg型为主。水化学演化机制呈现清晰的递变规律:从山前冲洪积扇到中部平原,地下水化学机制的主导过程从溶滤–风化作用向蒸发浓缩-阳离子交换演进。具体而言,冲洪积扇潜水处于积极的水循环带,其水化学组分的形成与强烈的碳酸盐岩、硅酸盐岩风化,石膏溶滤,阳离子交换作用密不可分;黄河冲积平原潜水则处于径流末端,强烈的蒸发浓缩作用、阳离子交换作用共同主导了其Cl-Na型水的形成,其中蒸发盐岩溶解贡献显著;承压水化学组分主要受碳酸盐岩与硅酸盐岩的风化溶解及阳离子交换作用控制。除此之外,研究区地下水均不同程度地受人类活动影响。本研究明晰了不同含水层的水文地球化学路径,为包头市地下水的分区精准管理提供了科学依据。
Groundwater constitutes a vital resource in Baotou City. It is important to investigate the formation mechanism of groundwater hydrochemistry to facilitate water resource conservation. In order to reveal the distinct formation mechanisms responsible for groundwater hydrochemistry in different hydrogeological units, water samples collected from the study area were categorized into three types: the alluvial-proluvial fan phreatic water samples, the Yellow River alluvial plain phreatic water samples and confined water samples. These groundwater data were analyzed using hydrochemical diagrams and mathematical statistics. The results indicated that groundwater types exhibited spatial differences: the phreatic water in the alluvial-proluvial fan and the Yellow River alluvial plain were mainly Cl · SO4-Ca · Mg type, while the confined water was mainly HCO3-Ca · Mg type. The mechanisms for hydrochemical evolution represented obvious grading regularity: from the alluvial-proluvial fan to the central plain, the dominant hydrochemical mechanisms evolved from rock weathering and minerals leaching to evaporative concentration and cation exchange. More specifically, the groundwater in the alluvial-proluvial fan cycled actively, and the chemical components were controlled by intense weathering of carbonate and silicate rocks, gypsum leaching and cation exchange. The Yellow River alluvial plain phreatic water was located at the end of the runoff pathway, in which case strong evaporation concentration and cation exchange dominated the formation of Cl-Na type water, with significant contributions from evaporite rock dissolutions. The chemical components of the confined water were mainly regulated by dissolutions of carbonate and silicate rocks and cation exchange. Additionally, the groundwater in the study area was affected by human activities in different degrees as well. This study clarifies the hydrogeochemical pathways in different aquifer systems, providing a scientific basis for the zonal management of groundwater in Baotou City.
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