高石英刚性骨架与微裂缝系统:低孔致密储层低渗限与高渗成因
张新宇 , 肖正录 , 唐青松 , 朱讯 , 路俊刚 , 秦春雨 , 张少敏 , 蒋林池 , 余凯 , 董虎 , 吕龑
现代地质 ›› 2026, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4) : 1168 -1179.
高石英刚性骨架与微裂缝系统:低孔致密储层低渗限与高渗成因
High-Quartz Rigid Framework and Microfracture System: Origins of the Low Permeability Cutoff and High Permeability in Low-Porosity Tight Reservoirs
顺庆油田凉高山组为典型低孔致密砂岩储层,其有效物性下限界定及低孔背景下的高渗产油机理是制约勘探开发的核心问题。本次研究综合岩心观察、实验分析及地层条件充注-驱替物理模拟实验,系统开展储层有效物性下限与产油机理研究。结果表明:储层有效物性下限为孔隙度3.03%、渗透率0.041 mD,该临界门槛对应的是一个以石英含量达72.16%的刚性颗粒为支撑骨架、中值喉道半径为0.036 μm的孔隙网络结构,此结构是流体能否实现连续流动的关键条件。低孔高渗产油的内在机制源于“双重保障”:一是高石英含量的刚性骨架有效抵抗压实作用,最大限度保存了残余粒间孔和粒内溶孔等储集空间;二是广泛发育的微裂缝构建了高效渗流通道,显著降低流体流动阻力。在同等低孔隙度背景下,具备高刚性骨架与裂缝系统的储层渗流能力更优,进而赋予其更高的产油潜力,该认识为同类裂缝-孔隙型致密储层的甜点预测提供了新的评价思路。
The Lianggaoshan Formation in the Shunqing Oilfield is a typical low-porosity tight sandstone reservoir. The determination of its effective physical property cutoffs and the mechanism of high-permeability oil production under a low-porosity background are core issues constraining exploration and development. In this study, systematic investigations on the effective physical property cutoffs and oil production mechanisms of the reservoir were conducted through core observations, experimental analyses, and formation-condition charging-displacement physical simulation experiments. The results show that the effective physical property cutoffs of the reservoir are porosity of 3.03% and permeability of 0.041 mD. This critical threshold corresponds to a pore-throat network structure characterized by rigid particles with a quartz content of 72.16% as the supporting framework and a median throat radius of 0.036 μm, which serves as the key condition for whether continuous fluid flow can be achieved. The intrinsic mechanism of high-permeability oil production under low-porosity conditions is attributed to a "dual guarantee": first, the rigid framework with high quartz content effectively resists compaction, maximizing the preservation of storage spaces such as residual intergranular pores and intragranular dissolved pores; second, the extensively developed microfractures establish efficient flow pathways, significantly reducing fluid flow resistance. Under the same low-porosity condition, reservoirs featuring a high rigidity framework and fracture systems exhibit superior flow capacity, thereby endowing them with higher oil production potential. This understanding provides a new evaluation approach for sweet spot prediction in similar fracture-pore-type tight reservoirs.
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