涿怀盆地地下水位动态演化机制与驱动因素定量归因
赵太阳 , 韩传龙 , 盖俊百 , 胡景焕 , 丁建 , 邱永超
现代地质 ›› 2026, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4) : 1220 -1233.
涿怀盆地地下水位动态演化机制与驱动因素定量归因
Quantitative Attribution of Driving Factors to Dynamic Groundwater Evolution in the Zhuo-Huai Basin
涿怀盆地是中国北方典型的山间盆地,地质条件复杂,地下水位演变受多种因素影响,为揭示人类活动影响下区域地下水系统的响应机制,本文整合1986—2022年长序列地下水位监测与多源环境数据,系统应用随机森林模型,解析了地下水位时空演化特征,并量化不同驱动因素的相对贡献。结果表明近37年研究区地下水位总体呈下降趋势,平均下降12.87 m,经历缓慢下降、快速下降和缓慢回升三个阶段;空间上呈现水位恢复范围扩大与局部持续下降并存的异质性格局。其次,不同时期驱动因素呈现阶段性差异,由早期的农业开采为主,逐步转变为近期工业开采影响超越农业,并与河流径流及降水等自然因子共同主控的新格局。不同水文地质单元地下水位演变的主控因素同样存在显著差异,山前风坡积黄土斜地区主要受降水、农业开采和蒸发影响;山前洪积坡洪积平原区由坡度和降水共同主导;而河流冲积平原区主要受降水、蒸发和工业开采控制。研究结果揭示了人类活动影响下涿怀盆地地下水位长期演变的阶段性特征及其驱动因素的时空差异,加深了对北方山前盆地地下水系统响应机制的认识,为类似地区地下水资源调控与管理提供了科学依据。
The Zhuo-Huai Basin is a typical intermontane basin in northern China with complex geological conditions, where groundwater levels are influenced by multiple factors. To explore groundwater system responses under intensive human disturbances, this study integrates long-term groundwater-level observations (1986—2022) with multiple environmental datasets. A Random Forest model was applied to analyze the spatiotemporal variability of groundwater levels and to quantify the relative contributions of different driving factors. The results show that groundwater levels declined by an average of 12.87 m over the past 37 years, experiencing three stages: slow decline, rapid decline, and gradual recovery. Spatially, the basin exhibits heterogeneous patterns with expanding recovery zones coexisting with localized persistent declines. The driving factors in different periods exhibited distinct stage-specific variations, shifting from early agricultural extraction dominance to recent industrial extraction surpassing agriculture, forming a new pattern jointly controlled by natural factors such as river runoff and precipitation. The dominant controls also differed among hydrogeological units. The piedmont wind slope loess slope area is mainly affected by precipitation, agricultural exploitation, and evaporation; piedmont alluvial slope alluvial plain area is primarily dominated by topographic slope and precipitation; while the river alluvial plain area in the central basin is mainly controlled by precipitation, evaporation, and industrial exploitation. The results reveal stage-wise patterns of long-term groundwater level evolution in the Zhuo-Huai Basin under intensive human activities and spatiotemporal differences in driving factors, providing insights into groundwater system responses in northern piedmont basins and guidance for groundwater management in similar regions.
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国家自然科学基金重点项目(42430718)
煤炭开采水资源保护与利用国家重点实验室2020年开放基金课题(GJNY-20-113-11)
国家自然科学基金项目(42002251)
河北省自然科学面上基金项目(D2024403005)
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