西部干旱半干旱区典型深埋煤层涌水量预测分析
张耀斌 , 宫康健 , 杨郑秋 , 王路军 , 吴宝杨 , 王旭东 , 张秋兰
现代地质 ›› 2026, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4) : 1197 -1209.
西部干旱半干旱区典型深埋煤层涌水量预测分析
Prediction of water influx in typical deep-buried coal seam mines in Ordos
深部煤炭开采过程中,不同含水层之间的水力联系是影响矿井安全运行的关键因素。针对西部深埋煤层基建矿区,需明确首采煤层涌水量的组成及来源,以指导保水采煤实践。结合数值模拟与水化学分析方法,通过比拟法以裂采比25倍进行计算,定量表征首采煤层涌水量组成(模型R² = 84%,RMSE = 0.33 m)。在保水采煤情景下,模拟不同条件下矿井涌水量及地下水流场变化,同时采集不同含水层及涌水样品,分析水化学类型及离子特征。采动条件下,第四系-白垩系地下水流场未受明显扰动;2煤与6煤顶板含水层流场变化相似,2煤层开采导致其顶板水位最大降幅约630 m,并引起6煤顶板含水层越流补给,水位最大降幅约590 m。同时,正常涌水量约600 m³/h,侏罗系含水层对首采煤层涌水的贡献率约为80%。水化学分析表明:志丹群为HCO₃-Ca·Na型,直罗组为SO₄·HCO₃-Na型,延安组为SO₄-Na和Cl-Na型;涌水为SO₄-Na型,其主要离子及TDS与直罗组最接近,但NO₃ ⁻和F⁻的检出指示有延安组或志丹群水混入,与数值模拟结果吻合。本研究揭示了采煤条件下涌水量的动态衰减规律和不同含水层之间的越流规律,定量识别了深部煤矿涌水来源及混合过程,为西部塔然高勒等深埋矿区煤炭水资源保护提供科学依据。
In the process of deep coal mining, the hydraulic connection between aquifers will affect the normal operation of the mine. In this study, we selected the western deep-embedded coal seam mining area, and quantitatively characterized the composition of the water influx of the first mining seam by combining numerical simulation and hydrochemical method. The R2 and RMSE of the model were 84% and 0.33 m, respectively. The final fracture ratio was taken by simulation and calibrated by 25 times. The current mining conditions did not significantly affect the groundwater flow field of the Quaternary-Cretaceous aquifer after water level thinning. There were similar changes for the groundwater flow field morphology between the aquifers in the 2 coal seam roof and the 6 coal seam roof. Mining activities in the 2 coal seam have caused a water level drop of approximately 630 m. Meanwhile, drainage from the mining of the 2 coal seam caused a certain amount of leakage from the 6 coal seam roof aquifer, resulting in a decrease in the water level of the lower 6 coal seam roof aquifer, with a drop of approximately 590 m. The normal drainage volume was approximately 600 m³/h. For water influx in the first mining coal seam, the water volume of Jurassic aquifer accounts for 80%. Samples collected from different aquifers and from artesian water were subjected to hydrochemical analysis. Results indicated that the Zhidan Formation exhibited an HCO₃-Ca·Na type, the Zhiluo Formation an SO₄·HCO₃-Na type, the Yan'an Formation an SO₄-Na and Cl-Na type. The artesian water exhibited an SO-Na type, with its primary ions and TDS characteristics most closely resembling those of the Zhilo Formation. However, the detection of NO₃⁻ and F⁻ indicated the admixture of water from either the Yan'an Formation or the Zhidan Group, consistent with the model results. This study reveals the dynamic attenuation law of water inflow and the inter‑aquifer leakage law under coal mining conditions, and quantitatively identifies the sources and mixing processes of water inflow in deep coal mines. It provides a scientific basis for the protection of coal and water resources in Ta Ran Gao Le deep‑buried mining areas of western China.
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