Ti(C,N) 基金属陶瓷研究现状及发展趋势

Research status and development of Ti(C,N)-based cermets

摘要

Ti(C,N) 基金属陶瓷凭借卓越的综合性能，已成为传统结构件及高温结构件的重要候选材料。近年来，对 Ti(C,N) 基金属陶瓷的研究焦点逐步由成分设计与制备工艺转向微观结构调控与梯度材料，通过引入高熵合金、金属间化合物等新型粘结相，结合放电等离子体烧结、微波烧结及增材制造等先进技术，实现了“芯-环”结构调控、强韧性协同提升与梯度结构构建。本文系统梳理了 Ti(C,N) 基金属陶瓷在粘结相优化、梯度结构调控与绿色烧结等方面的研究进展，重点探讨了低钴化/无钴粘结体系、多尺度梯度结构的构建方法以及气氛烧结、放电等离子烧结和 3D 打印等工艺对组织与性能的调控机制。

Abstract

Ti(C,N)-based cermets have become the important candidate materials for the conventional and high-temperature structural components due to the excellent comprehensive properties. In recent years, the research on Ti(C,N)-based cermets has gradually shifted from the composition design and fabrication processes to the microstructure control and gradient materials. By introducing the novel binder phases, such as high-entropy alloys and intermetallic compounds, the “core-ring” structure modulation, the synergistic enhancement of strength and toughness, and the construction of gradient structures have been achieved through the advanced techniques as spark plasma sintering, microwave sintering, and additive manufacturing. The recent advances in Ti(C,N)-based cermets were systematically reviewed in this article, regarding binder phase optimization, gradient microstructure control, and green sintering. The low-cobalt/cobalt-free bonding systems, the multi-scale gradient structures, and the regulation mechanisms on the microstructure and properties by atmosphere sintering, spark plasma sintering, and 3D printing were mainly discussed.

关键词

Ti(C,N) 基金属陶瓷 / 粘结相 / 梯度结构 / 绿色烧结

Key words

Ti(C,N)-based cermets / binder phases / gradient structure / green sintering

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金青年项目(52304381)

湖南省联合基金项目(2024JJ7169)