FeSiCr 及 Fe 基非晶/纳米晶软磁复合材料绝缘包覆研究进展

Research progress on insulating coatings of FeSiCr and Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline soft magnetic composites

摘要

软磁复合材料因其优异的高频低损耗特性和三维成形能力，已成为高频电力电子领域的关键材料。FeSiCr 和铁基非晶/纳米晶软磁复合材料是目前主流的三种软磁复合材料，绝缘包覆技术作为其核心工艺环节，直接决定了软磁复合材料的电阻率、磁导率、损耗及力学稳定性等综合性能。本文系统分析了 FeSiCr、铁基非晶和铁基纳米晶粉末的成分设计、制备工艺及应用适配性，重点梳理了无机、有机与无机-有机复合包覆方法的材料体系、工艺路径及其对微观结构与宏观性能的影响机制。通过对比不同包覆层在涡流抑制、热稳定增强与界面结合方面的作用，揭示了包覆层厚度、均匀性与磁性能之间的非线性耦合关系。最后，介绍了常用表征手段在包覆效果评估中的应用，为高性能软磁复合材料的工程化开发提供了理论基础与技术参考。

Abstract

Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) have emerged as the critical materials in high-frequency power electronics due to the superior high-frequency low-loss characteristics and three-dimensional formability. The FeSiCr and Fe-based amorphous/nanocrystalline soft magnetic composites represent the current mainstream systems. As the core processing step, the insulating coating technology directly determines the comprehensive properties of soft magnetic composites, including electrical resistivity, permeability, core losses, and mechanical stability. The compositional design, fabrication processes, and application-specific adaptability of FeSiCr powders, Fe-based amorphous powders, and Fe-based nanocrystalline powders were systematically reviewed, and the inorganic, organic, and hybrid inorganic-organic coating methodologies were discussed. The material systems, processing routes, and underlying mechanisms governing microstructure evolution and macroscopic performance were further elaborated on. By comparing the coating effects on eddy current suppression, thermal stability enhancement, and interfacial bonding, the nonlinear coupling relationships among coating thickness, uniformity, and magnetic properties were revealed. Additionally, the common characterization on coating performance were introduced, offering the theoretical foundations and technical references for the engineered development of high-performance soft magnetic composites.

关键词

软磁复合材料 / FeSiCr 合金 / 非晶合金 / 纳米晶合金 / 磁性能

Key words

soft magnetic composites / FeSiCr alloys / amorphous alloys / nanocrystalline alloys / magnetic properties

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52374365)

中央高校基本科研业务费(FRF-BD-25-045)