高熵非晶软磁材料的研究进展与挑战

Research progress and challenges of high-entropy amorphous soft magnetic materials

摘要

高熵非晶软磁合金融合多主元设计与非晶结构优势，可突破传统软磁材料“强度-塑性”与“高磁感-低矫顽力”的权衡困境。本文系统综述了高熵非晶软磁合金研究进展，重点阐述了序调控策略在构建非晶-纳米晶过渡结构中的应用。回顾了发展脉络与理论基础，总结了成分设计原理，包括 Fe、Co、Ni 配比优化局部磁矩，类金属 B、Si 调控非晶形成能力与磁致伸缩，微量元素 Cr、Mo、Nb、V 等控制纳米晶析出并改善耐蚀性。最后，讨论了 FeCoNi 基合金、纤维一步法制备及增材制造技术，并展望了机器学习辅助设计、微观结构精确调控及工业应用等未来方向。

Abstract

High-entropy amorphous soft magnetic alloys integrate the multi-principal-element design with the advantages of amorphous structures, overcoming the traditional trade-offs between “strength and plasticity” and between “high saturation magnetization and low coercivity” in soft magnetic materials. The research progress of high-entropy amorphous soft magnetic alloys was systematically reviews in this paper, focusing on the application of ordering regulation strategies in constructing amorphous-nanocrystalline transition structures. The development history and theoretical foundations was outlined, and the composition design principles were summarized, including the optimization of Fe, Co, and Ni ratios to maximize local magnetic moments, the use of metalloids B and Si to tune glass-forming ability and magnetostriction, and the role of trace elements (Cr, Mo, Nb, and V) in controlling nanocrystal precipitation and improving corrosion resistance. Finally, the FeCoNi-based alloys, one-step fiber fabrication, and additive manufacturing techniques were reviewed, and the future directions were discussed, including machine learning-assisted design, precise microstructural control, and industrial applications.

关键词

高熵合金 / 非晶合金 / 纳米晶合金 / 软磁性能 / 过渡结构 / 序调控策略

Key words

high-entropy alloys / amorphous alloys / nanocrystalline alloys / soft magnetic properties / transition structure / regulation strategy of order

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金资助项目(52273280)