Ti基非晶合金的制备、性能与辐照效应研究进展

Research progress on preparation, properties, and irradiation effects of Ti-based amorphous alloys

摘要

Ti基非晶合金因其独特的无序结构，兼具高比强度、优异的耐腐蚀性及独特的物理化学特性，在航空航天、生物医用及精密制造等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。然而，其有限的玻璃形成能力与室温脆性仍是制约其工程应用的瓶颈。本文综述了Ti基非晶合金的结构特征、形成热力学与动力学条件，并详细介绍了熔体旋淬、铜模吸铸、机械合金化及粉末冶金等多种制备方法的原理与适用场景。在此基础上，重点探讨了后加热结晶、电脉冲处理及深冷循环处理等结构调控手段对合金微观组织与力学性能的影响规律，阐明了自由体积与剪切转变区在塑性变形中的核心作用。进一步地，介绍了Ti基非晶合金在酸性与生理环境中的腐蚀行为及耐蚀机制。最后，聚焦于辐照效应这一前沿领域，深入分析了辐照诱导晶化的临界条件、辐照对力学性能的调控机制以及独特的表面形貌演化行为。

Abstract

Ti-based amorphous alloys exhibit the unique disordered structure, combining with the high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance, and distinctive physicochemical characteristics, which endow them with broad application prospects in aerospace, biomedical engineering, and precision manufacturing. However, the limited glass forming ability and room-temperature brittleness remain the key bottlenecks restricting the engineering applications of Ti-based amorphous alloys. The structural characteristics and the thermodynamic and kinetic conditions for formation of Ti-based amorphous alloys were summarized in this paper, and the detailed introduction to the principles and applicable scenarios of various preparation methods was provided, including melt spinning, copper mold suction casting, mechanical alloying, and powder metallurgy. On this basis, the effects of structural regulation approaches, such as post-heating crystallization, electropulsing treatment, and deep cryogenic cycling treatment, on the microstructure and mechanical properties were systematically discussed, and the central roles of free volume and shear transformation zones in plastic deformation were elucidated. Furthermore, the corrosion behavior and corrosion resistance mechanism of Ti-based amorphous alloys in acidic and physiological environments were introduced. Finally, focusing on the cutting-edge field of irradiation effects, the critical conditions for irradiation-induced crystallization, the regulation mechanism of irradiation on mechanical properties, and the unique surface morphology evolution behavior were thoroughly analyzed.

关键词

Ti基非晶合金 / 玻璃形成能力 / 力学性能 / 腐蚀行为 / 辐照效应

Key words

titanium-based amorphous alloys / glass forming ability / mechanical properties / corrosion behavior / irradiation effects

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