激光熔覆铁基非晶合金复合涂层工艺研究

Research on the process of iron-based amorphous alloy composite coatings prepared by laser cladding

摘要

采用激光熔覆技术在 Q235 钢基体表面制备铁基非晶合金复合涂层。通过 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、显微硬度计系统研究了激光功率对涂层宏观形貌、稀释率、相组成、微观组织、热稳定性及力学性能的影响。结果表明：涂层主要由 α-Fe、富含 Cr、Mo 的碳硼化物等析出相及非晶相构成；激光功率显著影响涂层稀释率与非晶含量，1200 W 为最优工艺参数，此时涂层非晶含量（质量分数）达 24.04%，晶化起始温度 732 K，非晶形成能力参数（ a）为 0.618，热稳定性最佳；涂层显微硬度为 Q235 钢基体的 9 倍，中部最高硬度达 HV 1480，组织细化与强化相弥散分布是硬度提升的关键。

Abstract

Fe-based amorphous alloy composite coatings were deposited on Q235 steel substrates via laser cladding. The influence of laser power on coating morphology, dilution rate, phase composition, microstructure, thermal stability, and mechanical response was systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Vickers microhardness testing. In the results, the coatings predominantly consist of α-Fe, Cr/Mo-enriched carbide/boride precipitates, and amorphous matrix. Laser power markedly affects both the dilution and the amorphous-phase retention. At 1200 W as the optimal laser power, the amorphous content (mass fraction) is 24.04%, the crystallization onset temperature is 732 K, and the amorphous formation capability parameter ( a) is 0.618, indicating the superior thermal stability. The maximum microhardness reaches HV 1480 in the central region of coatings, roughly ninefold that of the Q235 substrates, attributed to the synergistic grain refinement and the homogeneous dispersion of strengthening precipitates.

关键词

激光熔覆 / 铁基非晶合金 / 微观组织 / 热稳定性 / 显微硬度

Key words

laser cladding / Fe-based amorphous alloys / microstructure / thermal stability / microhardness

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