抚河鳜鱼国家级水产种质资源保护区水生生物资源初步调查

Preliminary Investigation of Aquatic Biological Resources of the Mandarin Fish National Aquatic Germplasm Resources Reserve in Fuhe River

摘要

为了解抚河鳜鱼国家级水产种质资源保护区的水生生物资源现状，本研究于 2022—2024 年的夏季和秋季对该保护区的水生生物进行了调查，重点分析了水生生物的年际变化特征及主要保护对象的资源现状。本次调查共采集浮游植物 129 种，3 年的平均密度和平均生物量分别为(145.46±47.24)×10⁴ cells/ L、(3.12±1.04) mg/ L；2022 年和 2023 年的优势浮游植物类群为硅藻，2024 年则为绿藻。共鉴定浮游动物 64 种，3 年的平均密度为(4.94±1.65)×10³ ind. / L，每年都以原生动物的密度最大；3 年的平均生物量为(5.26±3.21)mg/ L，2022—2024 年依次以枝角类、桡足类、轮虫的生物量最高；2022—2024 年的浮游动物 Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数逐年下降。共收集底栖动物 24 种，3 年的平均密度和平均生物量分别为(6.72±0.42) ×10³ ind. / m²、(67.42±37.46) g/ m²；2022 年的底栖动物密度以环节动物最高，2023 年和 2024 年都以节肢动物最大，而 2022 年的底栖动物生物量以节肢动物最大、2023 年和 2024 年均以软体动物最高；2022—2024 年的底栖动物 Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数逐年上升。共发现鱼类 35 种，每年都以鲤科鱼类的数量和重量最多；3 年共采集主要保护对象(鳜属鱼类)的数量和重量仅分别占渔获物总数量和总重量的 0.66％和 1.04％，且鳜属鱼类以体长介于 20~ 25cm、体重小于 300g 的个体为主。建议进一步开展该保护区鳜属鱼类的种群生物学与资源评估研究，在此基础上探索鳜属鱼类的增殖放流以恢复其资源。

Abstract

In order to understand aquatic biological resources of the mandarin fish national aquatic germplasm resources reserve in Fuhe River, an investigation of plankton, benthic animals, and fish in this reserve was conducted during summer and autumn from 2022 to 2024. The focus was on analyzing the inter-annual variation characteristics of aquatic organisms and the resources status of the main protected objects. A total of 129 phytoplankton species were collected. The average density and average biomass over the three-year period were (145. 46± 47. 24) × 10⁴ cells/ L and (3. 12± 1. 04) mg/ L respectively. The dominant phytoplankton groups were diatoms in 2022 and 2023, while green algae were dominant in 2024. A total of 64 species of zooplankton were identified. The average density over the three-year period was (4.94±1.65)×10³ ind. / L, and the density of protozoa was the highest each year. The average biomass over the three-year period was (5.26±3.21)mg/ L. From 2022 to 2024, the biomass of cladocerans, copepods, and rotifers was the highest in sequence. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of zooplankton decreased year by year from 2022 to 2024. A total of 24 species of benthic animals were collected. The average density and average biomass over the three-year period were (6.72±0.42)×10³ ind. / m² and (67.42±37.46)g/ m² respectively. In 2022, the density of benthic animals was the highest for annelids, while in 2023 and 2024, it was the highest for arthropods. In 2022, the biomass of benthic animals was the highest for arthropods, while in 2023 and 2024, it was the highest for mollusks. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of benthic animals increased year by year from 2022 to 2024. A total of 35 species of fish were found, and the number and weight of Cyprinidae fish were the highest each year. Over the three-year period, the number and weight of the main protected fish (the genus Siniperca) accounted for only 0.66% and 1.04% of the total number and total weight of the catches respectively, and the fish of the genus Siniperca were mainly individuals with a body length between 20-25 cm and a body weight less than 300 g. It was recommended that further research on the population biology and resource assessment of the genus Siniperca in this reserve would be carried out, and on this basis, the stock enhancement and release of the genus Siniperca would be explored to restore their resources.

关键词

浮游生物 / 底栖动物 / 鱼类 / 水产种质资源保护区

Key words

plankton / benthic animals / fish / aquatic germplasm resources reserve

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基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32060271)

江西省自然科学基金项目(20232BAB205068)